rasa preparation

-AMIT NAPHADE

KUPIPAKVA- RASAYANA

INTRODUCTION :

The preceptors of Indian rasa shastra were initially indulged very much in the achivement of a disease free and decay free body ( deha veda) and the conversion of a lower metal to a higher metal i.e. a metal having higher economic value (loha veda ) simultaneously . but later their attempts in the field of deva veda became dominant. Since the necessity of the removal of elements was the primary concern .acharyas showed their keen intrest on the by products of veda karmas for therauptic purposes .

Acharyas found mercury and few other metalsminerals are very useful. They observed that some toxic and harmful effects are likely to be produced in the body if such metalsminerals are such.hence to minimize or to remove sodhana, marana, gandhakajarana etc. gandhaka(sulphur) is considered as an essential element for various purposes of mercury such as murchana,jarana etc..

It is also claimed in different texts that mercury does not become therauptically useful unless in cinerated with sulphur (bali jarana ) in different ratios .

As rasa shasthra developed, the methods of effective preparation of drugs are also developed because of as time goes on the human community suffered due to the lot of elements Kupipakva method is developed mainly for gandhaka jarana in which sulphur is added with mercury in different proportions and burns it with the help of fire in glass bottle(kupi). The aim was to produce strong bond structure between the molecules of mercury and the sulphur, to combat the strong and chronic diseases .

As time and requirements increased our acharyas and vaidyas Invented new experiments by adding some metals ( eg, gold, silver, copper, tin) and non-metals ( like haritala, manahshila ) in the kupipakva method. Due to the miraculous and dramatic effects in the dreadful & chronic elements, kupipakva – rasayanas got lot of name & fame. And thus the streams of practicing kupipakva rasayanas gradually increased.

Definition:-

· It means the medicine which is prepared by treating or cooking mercury and other medicines on fire is known as “Kupipakva-Rasayana”. Mercury & other medicinal substances are treated on fire in a specially formed glass bottle which in Rasa-shastra texts is known as “Kupi”. Hence the preparation is called as Kupipakwa.

· Medicines which are prepared with mercury as one of the main ingrediant, in a glass bottle (kupi) in valukayantra are called as kupipakva Rasayana.

· Kupipakva method is developed mainly for gandhakajarana in which sulphur is added with mercury in different proportions and burns it with the help of fire in glass bottle.

According to Ayurveda Prakash, murcchana and jarana may be used as synonyms but which is true only in the context of gandhakajarana.

· Pure parada or Ashta sanskarita parada & gandhaka are grinded in a mortor & pestle to make them into an amalgam which is black in colour & known as kajjali. This kajjali is then triturated with said different herbs juices & is treated with the heat (Agni) by the help of kupi (glass bottle). For the heating gradual increasing of heat is necessary like mild, moderate & more. Depending upon the ingredients & paka kala, the colour varies like Red (sindoora) & white (karpoora) etc.

· The entity ‘Rasayanshastra’ has two special words ‘Rasa’ & ‘Ayana’. Rasa means mercury & Ayana means a way or path. Hence all mercury containing medicines are called as a Rasayana. Mercurial medicines cures the diseases, increases strength, immunity (oja), intellect (medha) & stablizes the life, hence called as Rasayana.

IMPORTANCE OF KUPIPAKVA RASAYANA:-

· In kupipakva method, mercury with or without sulphur is converted in the suitable compound even without being reduced to ashes. Through this process, mercury gets potentially upgraded and enhances its curative power; in other words, the potency and efficacy of mercury increases in proportion to the amount of sulphur burnt in the jarana process.

· Kupipakva rasayanas are consider more beneficial than other medicines due to the specially designed preparational methods.

· Due to the lot of heat processing all, ingredients becomes free from their blemishes.

· In Rasasashtra their are many preparation mentioned for the therapeutic use. For eg.. Parpati, Kupipakva, pottali, Bhasma etc. for these preparations, the does is very less & also it has no taste. But its efficacy is more & acts very fast. All kupipakva – rasayanas are very Uksha, Tikasha, Laghu, Ruksha. That’s why its action is faster than other mercurial preparations.

· Jarana of equal quality of sulphur with mercury cures the diseases. Double quantity Jarita parada cure the Rajayakshma (T.B). triguna jarita prada is very useful for kaminidarpanashana means it increases the semem (sukra) quantity. Chaturguna jarita parada increases the fairness of skin & also increases the intellectual power of brain. By taking this mercury one can understand all shastra (sciences). Panchaguna gandhak jarita parada gives siddhi & shadguna gandhaka jarita parada is conqueror of all diseases & gives immortality (means stops untimely death due to the diseases).

· Kupipakva rasaushadhis are magnificent in the main stream of ayurvedic medicaments that are frequently used for dreadful diseases.

· Global Health Problem:-

Now a days, due to the sedentary life style many kapha predominant ailments like Hypertension, Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, Hypothyroidism, Impotency, Asthama, Amavata & many mores are causing the global Health problems. In these kapha predominant ailments no mercurial preparation is effective as kupipakva rasa due to their ushna, tikshna, laghu etc, properties.

Historical Aspect of Kupipakva Rasayana Vidhi:-

In 13A.D. Shri Yashodara Bhatta has mentioned Rasa-sindoora preparation under the heading of “Udayabhaskara Rasa” in his text: Rasaprakash sudhakar” (R.P.S 3/10-14). Here itself he has also mentioned ‘Ghanasar-Rasa’ as a name of “Rasa-Karpoor” with the preparation & its pharmacological properties.
Shri Yashodara Bhatta has used kachaghati (kupi/bottle) & sikata-yantra in the preparation of these above medicines.
Shri Anantadev Soori of 15^th century A.D. has described “Rasaparthiva-Rtasa” for the same preparation in his book ‘Rasa-Chintamani’.
This preparation is also mentioned in textbooks of 16^th century A.D. like Rasakoumudi & Rasakalpayoga & of 17^th century A.D. Ayurveda Prakasha as Sindoornama Rasa i.e. Sindoora like Rasa (Red cloloured) or sindoora name like rasa.
Rasastaranagini has many preparatioal variants of Rasa-sindoora, Rasapushpa, Rasakarpoora, Makarshwaja & swarnavanga etc.
Sindoora kalpa are developed in a process of Gandhaka (Bali) Jarana. To make mercury useful for curing purpose (therapeutic purpose) shadguna bali jarana is done. In this process a specific ratio of parada & gandhaka i.e. is converted into sindoora at a specifics temperature (approximately 270 °C)
Gandhaka jarna is first of all seen in Rasahridayatantra of 9^th century A.D. Later on this process is blossomed completely as ‘Kupipakva Rasa Vidhi’ in furthur treaties.
Advent of kachkupi (glass bottle) & valuka-yantra:-

- Rasavada started use of kachkupi in 10^th century. Treaties dating back to this period does not have any reference of kachkupi. Inspite of that “MUSHA” are said. (MUSHA=CRUCIBLE)

- These textbooks prepared kupipakva kalpa in Mud/Earthen musha i.e. “Andha-Musha (Blind Crucible) & Tushagni is used for paka (Cooking) or Tula-yantra is used & paka is done in valukayantra.

- We start getting references of valuka yantra since 9^th century. Rasa-hridaya Tantra has a reference of valuka-yantra but the he might have not used kachkupi (glass bottle) for prepartion of Rasa-sindoora or Gasndhaka Jarana. Due to the unavailability of kachakupi Bhagawata Govinda padacharyaji used ‘Andhamusha’ (blind/close type of crucible).

Invention of glass took place outside of India. Before availability of glass in our country somebody might be prepared Iron-kupi. eg. Rasendramangala has described shadguna (six time) Balijarana in mercury by the help of Loha-crucible.

Types of Kupipakva-Rasa Vidhi:-

According to the use of suphur, the process is divided into two groups as follow:

1. Sagandha – (Preparation with sulphur)

2. Nirgandha – (Preparation without sulphur)

Sagandha - type of kupipakva rasaushadhis are more common & popular in practice as they are easy in preparation and safe to use. They do not produce any hazardous symptoms in the body when used internally.
The formulations of Nirgandha type, where mercury is converted in the murcchita state by adding other drugs, are not so sommon and should be used with care as they may produce some harmful effects.
On the basis of presence of fumes during the process, Sagandha type of Kupipakva rasaushadhis are again sub-divided_into three :- (Nirmana Bheda)

1. Antaradhuma – Talastha

2. Bahiradhuma – Kanthastha

3. Nirdhuma

Sagandha Kalpa: These are furthur divided as follows

1. Mercury + Sulphur - e.g. Rasa-sindoora,

Sugamsindoora,

2. Mercury + Sulphur + Metals - e.g. Tamrasindoora,

Rajatasindoora

3. Mercury + sulphur + Non-metals - e.g. Mallasindoora,

Talasindoora

4. Mercury + Sulphur + Nonmetals + Gold – eg. Poorna-chasndrosaya,

Talachandrodaya etc.

Nirganadha kapla:- ( eg. Rasakarpoora & Rasapushpa )

Ø These medicines are also classified according to their availability in specific part of bottle.

1. Gaslastha/ Kanthastha:- It means the medicine is found at the neck of

the bottle i.e. upper portin of the bottle e.g. Rasasindoora, Rasakarpoora,

Mallasindoora

2. Talastha/Adhastha:- these medicines are available at the bottom of the

bottle eg. Sameerapannaga & Rasasindoora.

3. Ubhayastha:- i.e. thses medicines are available at both parts i.e. neck of

the bottle & the bottom eg. Poorna-chandrodaya, Manikya Rasa.

Some more discussion on the above types- (Ref: Kupipakva-Rasa nirman vigyan – Vd. Harisharanananda)-

Rasavada has divided all kupipakvas into two main types-

1. Tala-lagna

2. Urdhwalagna

1. Talalagna-Rasas:- These are the rasa which need not evaporation & condensation, only the necessity is to give mild, moderate & more heat ( mruda, madhyam, Tikashna Agni) at the bottom of glass bottle to prepare the compound. This is known as ‘Talalagna.

Talalagna Rasa are of 3types according to the ingredients:-

a. Type 1^st Talalagna:- These are the preparations which are added by metals & non-metals in their natural forms to produce new compound by the influence of Agni. E.g. 1^st Agnikumara- Rasa. This preparation has mercury & Lead (Naga), 2 natural metals & sulphur as a non-metal.

b. Type 2^nd Talagana:- These are the preparation in which natural metals & non-metal converted into compounds & some metal & non-metals added directly as compound – form. Eg. 2^nd Agnikumara-rasa. It has mercury as a natural metal & Gandhaka, Somala as a natural non-metals. It also contains compounds like Abhraka Bhasma, Cinnabar(Hgs) Harital (AS₂S₃), & Tamara. After trituration & Agni-paka in kupi, some elements (moulika) gets converted into compound (youngika). (These rasas are prepared on mild & moderate heat). Along this some changes also occurs in compund (yogika) drugs.

c. Type 3^rd Talalagna:- It contains all the drugs which are in compound (yougika) form. Eg. 3^rd agnikumara-rasa. It has Rasasindoora, Abhraka, Loha etc, all compound drugs.

2. Urdhwalagna – Rasa:- These are also of two types –

A. Type 1^st –Urdhwalagna:- In this type only one metal is converted into copound (yougika) by the help of any non-metal (Adhatu) or gas. Later on it evaporated in granule form.eg. Rasa-sindoora, Hingula, Rasakarpoora, Darchikana, etc.

B. Type 2^nd –Urdhwalagna:- In this prepartion – metals, non-metals, elements (moulika) & compound (yougika) are added & evaporated, to get medicine, at the neck of the bottom. Eg. Tala-sindoora, Sameerapanga-rasa, etc. In this type of preparation, mercury, suphur & Somal (As₂O₃) etc are added as a element (moulika) forms & Haritala (As₂s₃), Manashila (As₂s₂) are added as a compound form.

YANTRAS, UPAKARANAS i.e. INSTRUMENTS, APPARATUS & MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR THE PREPARATION OF KUPIPAKVA-RASA:-

Place for preparation:
Important instruments: a. Kach-kupi (Glass bottle)

b. Valuka-yantra & Valuka

c. Bhrashtri/Bhatti/Hearth/Furance

d. Pyrometer

Miscellaneous: a. khalwa-yantra b. Kupi-stands

b. Different size trays & spatulas

c. Iron-Rod

d. Brick-cork

e. Copper coin or Copper foil

f. Knife

g. Wooden-rod/ wooden piece

h. Air-tight bottles

Material: a. Drugs – Mercury, Sulphur, Minerals, Metals etc.

b. herbs –

c. Clay (multani–mitti) – Wrapping material.

d. Water

e. Match-Box

f. Kerosene

g. Firing-material (wood, coal etc)

h. First Aid Box(Containing important medicines)

i.. Observation-Book

Place for preparation of Kupipakva Rasayana:-

The room in which the furnace (Bhatti) is to be built should be enough high & must have proper ventilation i.e should have enough number of windows & gate. So that the smoke & heat of the furnace does not cause any trouble to the Worker/Maker or Observer.
Furnace is not to be built in open space, otherwise rain in rainy season & scorching sunlight in summer will cause trouble during the preparation & with winds flowing, the heat will not be provided sufficiently.
The room should be sufficient roomy or should have sufficient place to store fire material like wood, coal etc & extra bags of sand.
It is better to built the room to near by the water reservoir or water-store.
The room/place should be away from the residential areas. But should have all requirements which are required for the preparation of Rasa.
Must have the Light system, electrical supply. Because kupipakva rasayana preparations requires 2-3days & nights. For night it must have Light system.

IMPORTANT INSTRUMENTS/APPARATUS:-

a. Kupi (Bottle):-

Even after the development of the technique of kachakupi (glass bottle) preparation, the earthen crucible, copper bowl and damaruyantra were very much in use for the preparation of medicines like kupipakva.
Rasataragini refers to the glass-coated earthen vessel for the preparation of Rasapushpa, but in due course, the use of glass bottle became more frequent due to its availability, easy handing, economical factor & its inertness towards different components of mercurial medicines.
Advantage of glass-bottle: The most important advantage of glass-bottle is, the rasas which prepared in glass-bottle, they get very beautiful & smooth, slippery surface. This is not possible in any another material bottle.

- In earthen crucible (Mrunmusha) the chances of breaking or tearing are more. And also some chances to leak the volatile material from the bottle.

- Iron kupi gets reacted with sulphur & leaves thin layers of iron.

- Breaking of glass-bottle to collect the medicine is also very easy & convenient.

- The bottom of the bottle should be flat or dome shaped (convex). Do not take the bottle having concave bottom-surface.

- A Beer bottle is a good choice.

The neck of the bottle should not be long:- (Ref : kupipakva rasa nirman vigyan)

While preparing kupipakva rasa a thing we came to know that the prepared medicine does not stick at very high in bottle neck, in spite of that, its sticks at that height of 3-4 inches from the bottom of the bottle. If heat is increased yet to some more extent in such circumstances the rasa will stick above the level of 5 inches. But, sulphur & Navasadar(NH₄CL) will definitely stuck to the more upper level. If bottle neck is unnecessary lengthy, sulphur & navasadar are definitely to accumulate in the lumen & occlude the passage resulting in the tearing of the bottle. Generally the fumes of sulphur & Navasadar are responsible for braking of the bottle. The height of the glass-bottle should be approximately 12-13 inches.

b. Valukayantra:-

· Valukayantra, also known as sikatayantra, is the apparatus to provide heat to kupi. Generally valukayantra made-up of iron (bucket shaped) is used for Kupipakva formulations however, Ayurveda pralash describes it made out of clay and coated with clay & cloth for kupipakva methods. The size of valukayantra should be selected in comparison to kupi. i.e. almost of equal height, to achieve the better results and to avoid the loss of fuel.

· Valukayantra is filled with sand(valuka) and it is called Lavanayantra when filled with lavana (Salt). The purpose of filling sand or lavana in Valukayantra is to provide a constant temperature and also to provide support to the kupi.

· Ayurveda prakash describes valukayantra having a small hole covered with mica sheet at its bottom for kupipakva processes, perhaps to increase the temperature at a faster rate.

· Accordint to R.R.S 9/33-36:-

A beer bottle is taken & coated by 7 layers of clay & mud of 1 finger width & is allowed to dry. Now kajjali is poured up to 1/3^rd part of the bottle. As big Iron bucket is taken. Pour a sand in that iron bucket up to the height of 2 inches.

· Now the bottle is placed in the bucket & the vacant part is filled with sand up to the neck of the bottle (up to the 2 inches below of the bottle-mouth).

· The bottle should be at the center of Iron-bucket (valuka Yantra)

· While pouring the sand, in valuka yantra, care should be taken to seal the mouth of the bottle with a cork or paper, to prevent the entry of sand in the mouth of bottle. Otherwise this sand will spoil the inner medicine (kajjali).

· Now this valuka yantra is placed on furnace and gradually increasing Agni (heat) is given i.e. Mrudu, Madhyam & TivraAgni.

· For how much time one should heat the bottle? When a dried grass placed on the heated sand starts getting burnt up to that time we have to heat it.

· We can fill the Iron-bucket with sand, Lavana or Bhasma (Ashes).

· This valuka yantra is used for gandhakjarana, kupipakva rasa nirmana & parada golaka paka.

· The Iron bucket/pot should occupy totally the diameter of furnace with open space of approximately 1 Angula (2cm) surrounding it equally. With this surrounding open space Agni-Jwalla (Flames of Agni) will give constant & equal heat to all parts of valukayantra. And it also allows to escape the smoke or fumes from the furnace.

· The Iron bucket shape pot should be 12 inches in height & width should be enough. So that after placing the kupi in it, a sufficient space of 2 inches be remain vacant surrounding to the bottle.

· In case of mud-pot tie a iron wire surrounding to the mouth of mud-pot to prevent the tearing or breaking of the pot.

· Valuka (Sand) for Valukayantra:-

- It is better to procure the sand from river-bank.

- The sand should not be very fine nor having big sized stones.

- The sand particles size should be moderate & having same size of particles.

- Sand from seas-beach is not allowed.

- Same sand is useful for 3-4 times. Also store the extra sand bags in the Room, so that eventually if the valuka yantra is broken & sand is wasted, you need not run at the eleventh hour for searching the new sand.

Upto which level we should fill the sand in sand bucket or valuka – yantra?

Fill the sand around the glass-bottle upto 2 – 3 inches below the neck of the bottle. Never fill the sand up to the neck and in this condition if bottle will break by some reason, then it is very difficult to pull out the bottle outside. Second reason is there may be the chance to enter thje sand through the tears of glass, bottle, if filled upto the neck. It may spoil the medicine.

If bottle will be open upto 2-3 inches at the upper side, it is very easy to pull out, in some emergency conditions.

C. Furnace (Bhrashtri):

Muffle Furnace:

As a heating device for Kupipakva muffle furnaces are very much convenient in various aspects. Any type of temperature pattern for any short duration could easily be maintained through it. Muffle furnace checks the fluctuation of temperature. It is eco-friendly also, neither it requires wood as fluel nor it produces a lot of fumes & dirt.

Wood Furnace: ( furnace in which fuel is wood)

If we are using the furnace in which we will use wood as a fuel, then it better to insert iron rods in that furnace while constructing. It is easy to burn firewood over the mesh of rods. The meshwork formed due to the iron rods enables the heat, that is generated by burning small wood pieces, to be utilized upto the maximum extent than compared to general furnace which not have iron-rod meshwork inside it.

For maximum burning of wood pieces air is very necessary. (O₂). This iron-rod mesh enables the more entry of air in the mouth of furnace. The more entry of air in the mouth of furnace. The wood pieces, burns on the mesh easily & produce more heat than the furnace where wood is place in the mouth of furnace on the ground.

It saves the more consumption of wood.

For this furnace outlet for the smoke will goes outside & heat is provided to the valukayantra in proper manner.

Baluka-Yantra is to be inserted in this furnace as such its half part should be inside the lumen of furnace.

Mineral Coal Furnace:

Production of heat in the coal furnace is very high. If proper ventilation ( supply of oxygen) will be there, at place where the coals are burning, temperature goes to upto 700 - 800°C. In order to control the entry of air in the mouth of this furnace, a valve arrangement at the mouth of furnace is must. So that by opening & closing or adjusting the valve we can control the heat, by controlling the air-entry inside it.

Gas Furnace:

In this furnace the temperature depends upon the flow of fuel-gas to the furnace. If flow is more the heat production inside the furnace will be more.

Electric Furnace:

In Electric Furnace the production of heat is depends upon the flow of electricity. With the help of regulator having numbers 1-2-3-4, the electric flow can be controlled leading to change in heat generated.

It is wise to know prior hand that how much temperature can be generated in this furnace. And also the prior knowledge of at various indicated (1-2-3-4) of the regulator how much electric flow is going inside & producing how many heat, is also must. Once we knew these things & temperature at which various kupipakva – rasas are prepared, then we have to just insert the kupi in furnace & adjust the temperature accordingly that rasa. The rasa will prepare automatically without any feat of breakage of bottle. And due to the constant & sufficient heat the kupipakva - rasa will also become pakva without any problem.

According to convenience Electric Furnace is most useful than other furnace. Secondly gas furnace then mineral coal furnace & then wood furnace are convenient.

d. Pyrometer:

The meter or instrument which measures the temperature is known as pyrometer. Measuring the temperature at different stages during the kupipakva-rasa preparation is must for the standardization & convenience.

Pyrometers are of Two Types:

Pyrometer which can be inserted directly in the fire flames of the furnace. It shows the temperature of Agni in furnace.
The second one are small in size & can be inserted in the sand upto the bottom of the valukayantra. (it is better to keep this pyrometer in the iron canal, which covers this pyrometer). This shows temperature of sand.

These pyrometers are made up of different – different metal alloy.

Rasavaidya should know the different temperature levels for the preparation of different kupipakva-rasas. Eg: Rasa-Sindoora forms the compound at 260°C and if and if heat / temperature exceed ti 270°C - 275 °C. It starts evapouration & stick to the throat of the bottle. When compound (or rasa) is prepared, remember not to exceed heat than 270°C - 275 °C, otherwise fumes will come out in large quantity blocking bottle mouth & leading to the brakage of bottle. So care must be taken to reduce the temperature when mouth of bottle occluded.

It is very much mandatory to control heat in kupipakva rasa preparation, to prepare proper medicine. Every Rasa-vaidya must know the temperature pattern and heat regulation.

MISCELLANEOUS – INSTRUMENTS & APPARATUS:

a) Khalwa – Yantra: Khalwa Yantra is necessary to prepare Kajjali (Powder) of required drugs for kupipakva rasayana. Prior to heating procedure in valuka yantra proper mixing of drugs in khalwa yantra is must for better result & to get maximum quantity of medicine.

It is also useful & required for trituration (Bhavana) of kajjali by means of different herbal juices. Eg: To prepare Malla-Sindoora, Bhavana of “Kumari-Swarasa” is necessary.

And also after the completion of kupipakva-rasayana medicine, we will get that rasa in thick layer (like scale) form & some rasa in granules form. To administer for therapeutic purpose, it should be very fine. That’s why mardana (pounding) in khalwa-yantra is necessary.

b) Kupi-Stand: After the wrapping clay & cloth on the glass-bottle, it is must drying of that layer. Then & then only we should wrap another layer (total 7 layers). For the quick & proper drying of layers of clay & cloth, kupi-stand is necessary.

In the absence of kupi-stand we can put that bottles inverted on the plane surface for drying the layers.

c) Different sized trays & spatula are also required for the drying process of kajjali after each trituration (Bhavana). Prior to filling the kajjali in bottle it should be properly dried. To fill trhe kajjali in bottle, different size of spatula are also required.

d) Iron-Rod (Loha – Shalaka): While heating the medicine / kajjali in bottle, the mouth of glass-bottle can get obstructed with the condensed fumes of Sulphur & Navasadara (Ammonium Chloride). This obstruction or occlusion may cause the breakage of bottle.

Ø To avoid this, it is must to relieve the obstruction by means of hot iron-rod (shalaka)by inserting it in the mouth of bottle frequently.

Ø The rod is heated & then inserted into the mouth of bottle, thus the sulphur and other kshara are burnt and the obstruction is relieved.

Ø For the sake of convenience the length of rod should be 3 foot (36 inches).

Ø The grip of the rod should be made up of wood and the rod should be slender at the end.

e) Copper coin or copper foils:

Ø After complete burning of the sulphur, the blue Flames will be stopped. After this, the whitish fumes will be come out from the mouth of bottle. These are the fumes of Mercury.

Ø To test that whether these are Fumes of Mercury, copper foil should be kept on the mouth of bottle. After removing if white coloured spot will be there on that copper Foil, it confirms that now the mercury is evaporating. It is a right time to apply mudrana (Sealing of the mouth of bottle) by the cork and clay.

f) Knife:

Ø After removing the kacha-kupi from the Valuka-yantra, Knife is recquired to remove the closely adherent layers of clay and cloth.

Ø Sometime it is also useful to break the bottle to remove the collected medicine, from inside the bottle.

g) Wodden-Rod or Wooden-Piece:

Ø After removing the layers of day-cloths and breaking of the bottle, wooden-rod is required for hamering the bottle to slip the layers of pakva rasa from the bottle.

h) Airtight bottles/Containers:

Ø After collection of the pakva-rasa from the bottle, it should be preserve and store in the airtight bottle.

Ø If airtight container is not used, some reactions of the atmospheric gases may be occur on the prepared medicine.

MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR KUPIPAKVA - RASA

a) Drugs and Bhavana Dravyas:

Mercury for Kupipakva – Method:

Mercury for Kupipakva Method: inspite of hingulottha parade, if Vishesha shodhita parade is used, it is increases the rasayana property & also it gives veryt quick result. Bubhukshita parade, if added in this method, it increases the rasayana property more than vishesha shodhita parade

Ø The main ingredients of kupipakva-rasayanas are Mercury and Sulphur. Before going to prepare Kupipakva-rasa Collection and Purification of all ingredients should be done, to save the time.

Ø Every ingredient should be purified (Shodhita) prior to Kupipakva-vidhi. Unpurified (Ashodhita) ingredients may cause some severe adverse effect.

Ø Most of the Kupipakva-rasa needs trituration i.e., Bhavana of various herbal drugs prior to paka process.

e.g Kumari swarasa, Vatakura-swarasa, Nimbu-swarasa, Raktakurpasa pushpa Swarasa etc

b) Clay & Cloth: [Wrapping Material]

Ø Ayurveda Prakash describes saindhava & anaskriti for coating khadiya clay, whereas in Rasendracintamani, Khatika, Mud & Saindhava are described for coating on glass bottle.

Ø Clay should be sticky and not contains any stones or foreign material. It is better to add some powder of cowdung and Horse stool with the clay (or earth) to provide more strength.

Ø It is also better to use plane “Multani-Mitti” with water for the clay.

Ø The pieces of cloths should be enough long and wide to cover the whole bottle at a time. Do not take very old pieces of cloths.

Ø Many rasavaidyas use smooth cotton inspite of cloth with ‘Multani-Mitti’ and applies it only once as it is stout enough.

c) Water:

Ø For different purposes eg.

Ø To wet the multani-mitti and pieces of cloths water is required.

Ø During the heating process in furnace, it is also important to keep a big reservoir of water aside the room as a preventive care to avoid burn accidents, if occur. Water is also required for Mudra (sealing) preparation.

d) Firing Material:

Fire – Wood: It is better to use dry wood pieces of “Babbula” (Acacia Arabica). Babbula wood produces more constant heat. The thickness of firewood should be approximately equal to the circumference of human forearm storage of enough firewood is necessary to avoid further problem. To give three Agni approximately 5 mana (≈ 200 kg) Firewood is needed.

The Firewood should be properly dried otherwise it will produce unnecessary smoke in the furnace and also supply less heat than requirement.

Coal: Mineral coals are useful, storage should be enough useful for coal-furnace.

Gas: Fuel gas is useful for Gas Furnace.

Electricity or Power Supply: For Electric – Furnace.

e) Match box and Kerosene: This material is required during the process of breaking of bottle. [see the point – breaking of bottle].

f) First Aid Box:

In kupipakva-rasayana vidhi most of the work is related to the heat/Agni. Sometimes during the handeling the apparatus burns or scalds may occur to the worker or vaidya. Also, during the cleaning of the mouth with the iron-rod, some toxic fumes of sulphur, Arsenic trioxide (Somal), Harital, Manashila etc. may cause some adverse effects, if inhaled. To treat this some medicaments should be present with us.

g) Observation – Book:

Ø Observations increase the knowledge of person. It is better to keep Record from the Starting of the preparation to the end, of each procedure.

Ø This record is also useful for to write the quantity of different drugs taken & obtained final medicine.

Ø Most important is to note the temperature in different stages.

Ø This previous records and observations are very much useful for future drug preparations.

Procedure ( Method of Preparation):

Kupipakva – rasayana procedure can divide into three phases:

1. Preheating Phase : It includes

a. Kajjali Preparation and Trituration

b. Coating of bottle (Kapadmitti)

c. Filling of raw material in bottle.

2. Heating phase :It includes

a. Heating procedure and temperature pattern.

b. Observations

c. Cleaning of mouth of bottle

d. Paka-pariksha

e. Precautions

f. Mudrana (Sealing ) Procedure.

3. Post-heating Phase:It includes

a. Breaking of bottle

b. Test of prepared medicine

c. Storage

Pre – Heating Phase:

a) Kajjali – Preparation and Trituration:

Ø Mixing of Mercury with Suphur – Pounding of Mercury and Sulphur gives a Fine, Black coloured powder known as Kajjali.

Ø For preparation of Kupipakva – rasayana, it is must to prepare Kajjali of given ingredients, prior filling the bottle.

Ø We can not get any medicine without proper pounding (Mardana) of all ingredients, prior to kupipakva vidhi.

Ø Whenever we want to add sulphur in mercury it should be added before adding others non-metals like ‘somal’ etc.

Ø But in case of adding metals like Gold, Silver, Tin etc in Mercury, it should be add porior to adding Sulphur. After proper amalgamation of metal and mercury, then we should add sulphur to prepare Kajjali.

Ø There are two types of Amalgamation:

Ø 1. First Procedure is in which metals are melted by means of heat and added to the mercury.

Second one is in which foils of metals (like Gold, Tin) are added and pounded with mercury. It also change in amalgamation.

But in these two procedure first procedure is more effective and convenient

After Kajjali preparation Navasadar etc minerals should be added as requirement.

Trituration or Bhavana:

Before subjecting the heat to Kajjali, trituration of diff herbal juices is required. (swarasa – bhavana)

Ø Bhavana should be given as per that particular reference of text.

e.g. Vatankura swarasa bhavana for Rasasindoora.

Kumari swarasa bhavana for Mallasindoora.

Ø What is the importance of Trituration ? it reduces the combination of drugs to fine powder and also removes some blemishes if any before paka.

Many times bhavana dravyas gives good colour to the prepared medicine i.e. final product.

Ø After bhavana, Kajjali should be dried before filling it in the bottle. Wet Kajjali may cause burst of bottle.

b) Coating of Kupi with clay and cloth: [ KAPAD – MITTI]

Ø Rasaratnasamucchaya describes the method of coating of Kupi with clay and cloth in detail. (R.R.S. 9/33-35).

Ø The bottle should be placed upside down in a rod stand keep a thin layer of clay at the bottom of Kupi and then a single piece of cotton strip, smeared with clay, should be placed downward from its bottom.

Ø The cloth piece/the strip should be lengthy enough to cover both sides upto bottles mouth.

Ø After proper drying of the first layer, put second layer

Ø Another cotton strip smeared with clay should be placed in cross direction to previous strip from the bottom to the mouth of the bottle.

Ø Press these coating by hand to made it plane, smooth and so also to make sure that no free space or air bubble is present in between the bottle and strips, then it should be dried in sun.

Ø Likewise, the texts of rasashastras describe total SEVEN layers of coating of clay and cloth on kachakapi to make it strong and heat resistant.

Ø Ayurveda Prakash describes saindhava and Ayaskriti and coating Khadiya clay(Ayu. Pra.1/194) whereas in Rasendra Chintamani, Khatika, Mud and Saindhava are described for coating on glass bottle (R.C.2/18).

Ø Precautions:1. If thin bottle is taken then 10 times wrapping is require.

2. Don’t apply all 7 layers at a time. Simultaneously done coating of 7 layers is not stout enough.

3. The thinkness of 7 layers should be approximately 0.5 - 0.75 inches.

4. Don’t apply more clay repeatedly. It will increase unnecessary weight of bottle.

5. Coating should be done very carefully to avoid. Further complications during

heating procedure in valukayantra.

6. If coating is not done as above, it may cause burse of glass-bottle due to the

unequal surfaces of bottle.

Is it is necessary to coat the hole bottle?

Ø It is not necessary to coat the hole bottle. Coating should not be done upto the mouth of bottle. It is sufficient to coat the bottle upto below 2-3 angulas (approximately 4 – 5 cm) of the mouth.

Ø Because if both parts of the bottle that bottom & mouth are enough stout due to the wrapping, bottle may burst in case of obstruction of mouth.

Ø But if wrapping is not done at the upper side of mouth, it would be not enough stout. In this condition, in case of obstruction, bottle may gets only tears from the mouth. It will save the bursting of bottle.

Ø Hence stouting should enough at the bottom of bottle. Because here quantity of heat is much more, than the mouth region of bottle.

c) Filling of Raw-Material in the bottle:

Ø Though there is description of different amounts of ingredients to be filled in kupi without describing the capacity of bottle in different texts of rasasastra, it is not very clear in which amount the raw material should be filled in.

Ø However, practically 1/3^rd (400 gms) filling of kupi is found best for better results and also to avoid any sort of miss happening during the procedure.

Ø Only 1/3^rd part or less than it volume of the bottle be filled with kajjali & remaining space should be kept vacant.

Ø If more kajjali is filled, it will spill out & the medicine will be waste.

Ø Only dry kajjali should be filled. Wet or damp kajjali may break the bottle.

HEATING PHASE:

a) Temperature Pattern:

Ø After placing Kupi in the center of Valuka-Yantra / Furnace. Accourding to the need of formulations. Gradual temperature pattern of Mrudu-Agni (250°C), Madhyam-Agni(250°C - 450°C) & Tivra-Agni(450°C - 650°C) should be given for different periods.

Ø In the classics of rasashastra, different periods i.e. from many hours to days are described for different temperature ranges of kupipakva methods.

Ø Necessity dependent upon ingredients and their percentage in the formulation; for example: in Shadagunajarana of gandhaka (incineration of mercury with 6 times sulphur), we have to provide all the three ranges of temperature for longer duration where as for the preparations of Rasakarpura, Rasapushpa and Swarnavanga, temperature ranges of mrudu & madhyama for shorter duration are sufficient.

Ø From time to time variations are seen in the form of Agnmi i.e.wood, coal or electricity according to the convenience. Electric furnace is also used successfully. A major plus point in electric furnace is that the heat can be easily regulated & also there is no neeed to used valukayantra in this furnace.

Ø Temperature / Heat to be given is divided into three phases:

1. Mrudu-Agni: The temperature at which kajjali remains in melted condition & ‘Paka’ is in process. For this purpose 200-250°C temperature is useful.

2. Madhyam-Agni: The temperature at which the kajjali remains boiling & smoke starts coming out fast and then flames starts to come out. Till the flames are subsided totally temperature should be maintain as madhyamagni. This is a temp of 250 to 450-500°C. the formation of compound medicine (Yougika) occurs on this temperature.

3. Tivra-agni: The temperature at which Rasasindoora (or formed compound) accumulated at the throat of the bottle by Urdhwapatana i.e. sublimation. Before this stage when then flames of sulphur subsides, the mouth of bottle should be closed by means of cork. This is a temp. of 450°C - 650°C.

Ø In wood – Furnace, it is better to use dry wood pieces of “Babbula” (Acacia Arabica). At the end of the preparation a high temperature is to be provided. If it is not given properly the medicine will be apakwa and if it exceeds over required temperature, the bottle will be melt away or medicine will burn or evaporated so one must be careful for giving Agni.

Ø Thin bottle required some less heat simple black coloured bottle required more heat and red coloured stout bottle can tolerate more heat.

Observational Action/Procedure:

Ø Give the Agni in a sequence of mrudu, madhyama and tivra within 2 -3 hrs. after the fire is lit, valuka-yantra starts becoming hot and the fumes of sulphur starts coming out of the bottle. After 6 hours when sulphur started melting, increase the temperature gradually. If temperature will increase suddenly the Kajjali will spill out of the bottle.

Ø If kajjali starts spilling out, then immediately pull out some firewood from the furnace and insert the iron-rod in the bottle. This will stop the spilling.

Ø If care is not taken to dothis immediately, within 15 -20 into the sand and will be waste.

Ø After 12 hours when fumes (smoke) starts coming out of the bottle excessively, heated iron rod insert in the bottle be burn with a blue flames at the mouth of bottle otherwise the bule flame will not bunt.

Ø If flames continues to bur, just increase the temperature. The (blue) flames generally keeps on burning for 12 hours. First the flame is seen at the opening of mouth of the bottle, later on it depends into the neck of bottle.

Ø As the medicine gets on cooked and flame starts declining, increase the temperature gradually so that the medicine will prepared on time.

b) Cleansing the mouth of Bottle:

When total sulphur/Gandhaka is burnt out and flame stops coming, little fumes are seen coming out of bottle, then the hot iron-rod is being inserted at very half hour to clean the throat of bottle.

If Kshara (eg. NH₄CL etc) is added in the kajjali then kshara with sulphur fumes keeps on obstructing the throat completely the bottle can burst out or blast. So the heated iron rod is carefully kept on being inserted in the throat of bottle. This frequent cleansing of bottle will reduce the percentage of kshara and medicine will be prepared quickly and properly.

Don’t disturb the medicine at the bottom:

One thing must be borne in the mind, not to disturb/move the medicine at the bottom frequently while inserting the iron-rod only throat is to be cleared. Due to the frequently disturbing the talastha medicine it will not prepared properly.

c) Determination of proper paka – [ paka Pariksha ]

Ø To determine the samyaka paka of prepared compound (Yougika) insert the rod into the bottle and take out and smell it immediately. If smell of sulphur will not comes, consider that the medicine is well prepared.

Ø When the paka is being taking place don’t disturb the compound by insertion of irod-rod, it will lead to evaporation of mercury.

Copper Foil Test:

For determination of proper paka, copper foil test is also useful. After complete evaporation of sulphur, mercury gets evaporated. When mercury gets evaporated, it evaporates with white-fumes. In this condition if we will put the copper foil on the mouth of bottle, we will get a whitish spot on that foil after 2 – 3 minutes.

These are the particles of mercury.

This test will confirm the properly prepared medicine.

Pakalakshana For Nirdhuma Kupipakva-rasas:

Appearance of flames in the grass stick placed on the surface of valukayantra and other different pakalakshana should be observed very carefully during the nirdhuma kupipakva-rasas like Rasakarpura, Rasapusha etc.

Others Pariksha for Paka-Lakshana:

Flame must be stoped coming out of the mouth of the bottle.

When darkness is created around the bottle & the bottom is seen it should be red in colour (like a red colour of Dawn). It is most important test.

If torch light is thrown inside the mouth of bottle. It should be seen that some mercury particles are coming out. If a cold iron-rod (shalaka) is inserted in the bottle smoke should not stick to the rod. These are the same test to confirm the paka of Kupipakva-Rasa:

e) Important Precautions:

1. If Navasadara (Ammonium Chloride) or any Kshard is added, keep on cleansing the throat of the bottle with the start of smoke itself. Because the kshara starts coming upside with smoke.

2. If temperature is not provided in sufficient quantity, the medicine will remain at the bottom in Apakwa i.e. halfripen state & the stuck medicine at the bottle-neck will also be difficult to take out.

3. Don’t look inside the bottle repeatedly as it is harmful to eyes. Inhalation of fumes during the process should also be avoided to restrict the harmful effect in the body.

4. temperature of valukayantra should be increased gradually. Fluctuation of temperature in valukayantra should be avoided.

f) Sealing of mouth: (Mudra & Kupimukha Mudrana)

(Application of Daat / Cork)

Ø Process of closing the mouth of the bottle is called as mudra.

Ø After getting above Paka-Lakshna, it is immediately require to apply the seal the mouth of bottle. Otherwise valuable mercury & other drugs will get evaporated & goes outside. It will lead to wastage of valuable medicine & time also.

Ø When the sulphur is totally burnt, smokes stops coming out & a red coloured hue is observed at the bottom of bottle, a piece (cork) of brick or chalk is covered with a cloth which is smeared with lime & honey is fit in the mouth.

Ø Sometime, if due to some smoke remaining inside the bottle the cork is forced out one should not afraid. After half an hour insert the brick cork again. After inserting it a cloth smeared with lime & honey is wrapped around the mouth to proper sealing.

Another material for sealing:

Ø On appearance of Paka Lakshana, the mouth of the bottle should plugged by a piece of brick or clay and sealed with mixture of jaggery and lime if requied.

Ø Sealing of the mouth of bottle with copper foil is also described in Rasaratnasamucchaya (R.R.S.15/11-16)

Ø Brick cork covered by the cloth smeared with multani mitti is also useful.

g) How to prepare Cock / Daat:

It is prepared of a chalk piece or brick piece by rubbing it slowly on the surface. It should be of enough length. So that one inch of it is inserted inside the bottle & remaining round shaped part remains outside the bottle.

h) After sealing, the sand around the neck of the bottle should be removed to facilitate the deposition of final product at the upper side of bottle. Also pull out the bottle from sand upto 2 – 4 inches after sealing, to prevent heating at the upper side of bottle.

After Mudra / Sealing the agni should be Mudru (mild) for near about ½ - 1 hour. Then increase the heat gradually. Lastly the Agni should be Tivra for another 12- 36 hours to prepapre the final product.

Precautions: After sealing if the sand around the neck region not removed, the condensation of fumes will not occur inside the neck region of bottle. Hence to get condensed drug it is also useful to pull out the bottle from sand upto approximately 2 – 4 inches, after sealing.

After giving Tivra-Agni lastly, the Yantra should be cooled selfly. For that we should wait for another 24 hours – 36 hours.

Post Heating Phase:

i) Removing of the bottle: After self cooling of Valuka-Yantra, remove the sand around the bottle, upto the bottom. Now pull out the bottle by holding firmly. Valuka removed from the yantra should be stored properly for further use.

Cleaning of furnace by removing ash from it & repairing if any damage, is also important.

j) Breaking of Kupi:

Ø Covering / Coating of bottle should be scraped off by a knife, & then clean the bottle surface by the cloth. Now we can see the position of stucked final product.

Ø According to the position of final product, i.e. one fingerbelow the lower border in cvase of Urdhvastha formulation, one finger above from the upper border in case of Talastha formulation, a thick thread soaked in kerosene, should be tied and burnt. After complete burning of thread, the heated portion of bottle should be covered with a wet cloth. (After hearing the breaking sound remove the wet cloth). This immediately breaks the bottle spherically in a very sharp manner and the final product should be separated by harming with a piece of wood.

Ø While breaking the bottle it should be kept in a big tray. After breaking the bottle if some smoke will come from inside, care should be taken, not to inhale it as it may causes Kasa & Shwasa.

Ø A tabular structured stucked medicine should be remove carefully. Along with the medicine if there is nay blackish material is also stucked to the bottle, remove it separately & keep aside. Add this blackish material in Kajjali, for the next same drug preparation.

Ø We will also get some useless ash of sulphur at the bottom.

Ø If the ash is sufficient heavy in weight, it is then having some particles of mercury. Due to the unsufficient agni/heat some Bluish-Blackish ash (Bhasma) remains inside the bottom. We can add this bhasma in the Kajjali, if we will prepare same medicine next time.

Ø If Kajjali is added with Gold, a black coloured bhasma will remain inside at the bottom. Wash it in the way told in case of Suvarna Bhasma & prepare a bhasma from it or with the help of acid purify it & covert into gold.

k) Test for prepared medicine:

When it is laborious excessively to scrap the prepared Kupipakva-Rasa, which does not separate easily & does not separate at once, is considered as a apakva ( half-ripened) medicine.

When the rasa separates from the wall of bottle, very easily it is considered as a properly prepared medicine.

L) Adverse effects of Apakva/Unripened Rasayana

It includes excessive salivation (praseka), gingivitis & Lossness of Teeth et.

M) Way to prepare Apakva Rasayana to Pakya stage:

Apakva rasayana should be added with equal quantity of sulphur & made into Kajjali. This Kajjali then again subjected to heat upto 24 hours in Kachkupi in Valukayantra. This reheating with sulphur, will change the medicine from apakva stage to pakva stage. This process will save the valuable prepared medicine.

Doubts & Answers:

Whether is there any time limitation for the completion or preparation of Kupipakva – Rasayanas?

It means gradually increasing Mrudu, Madhyam & Tivra Agni for three/four/five days are advised to prepare Kupi-Pakva Rasayana Kalpa. But those who keeps on harping to abide the above advice are now proved wrong.

Ø Now this time limitation is not required in this new era of science. Now a days everything is advanced. New instruments i.e.modern furnaces does not need that much of time.

Ø In old age the instruments were different, now a days instruments has changed. Situation has changed.

Ø Today the furnaces are changed, pots are changed, method of giving temperature is also changed, in this condition the time requirement will definitely change. It does not need that much of long time of 4 – 5 days.

Some vaidyas take doubt that Kupipakva-Kalpa prepared in short time will not be so effect as much as which are prepared according to shastra’s advice. But it is not correct?

Ans: Why because the time needed to prepare Kupipakva-Kalpa is depending solely on heat provided. It temperature is given properly, the formed compound is getting evaporated & at the site of its condensation the temperature is enough less, rasa get accumulated & get formed there, in proper & less time.

Is there any difference in properties of early prepared & late prepared Kupipakva Kalpas?

Ans: If the structure (Chemical & physical) of prepared compound is same, then there will be no change in properties of early & late prepared kalpas. This is a well known principle of chemistry. (Rasayan Shastra)

Is there any breaking takes place of Kupipaka compound, if Tivra-Agni is given?

Ans: Yes, in some Kupipakva Kalpas like Rasakarpoor, darchikana, during their evaporation, if temperature is given very high their compound will be separated. Likewise in another kalpas also, due to the very high temperature formed compound may break. Hence solemn study of chemistry & solemn study of temperature pattern is must for every rasa vaidya. At which temperature the compound will form & at which temperature it may break, this type of knowledge will get by the experience & proper study.

Kupupakva – Rasa & Prakruti (Constitution) of Patient:

Except Swana Vanga remaining all kupipakva rasas are more suitable for Vata & Kapha Prakriti people & less suitable for pitta prakriti people.

If we want to give any Kupipakva Rasa to patient having pitta prakriti in pitta predominance & hot season. We should give the medicine with shita virya drugs like Mukta, Prawal (coral), Vanshalochana as a vehicle. And also should not continue the medicine more than 4 – 6 days. Discontinue it & again start it. This care will prevent the adverse effect in pitta prakriti people.

SOME IMPORTANT “KUPIPAKWA – RASAYANAS”

IMP Note:

In all Kupipakwa – Rasayana preparation, the ingredients should be used only after purification. i.e. shodhana process.

1 Ratti = 120 mg

1 tula = 10 gms

1 Masha = 1 gm

1 Pala = ( 40 gms)

1. Rasa Sindoora:

Why it is called as Sindoora ? - Because – After preparation of this drug it looks like red Colour or Sindoora. (Sindoora is red in colour. That’s why many kupipakwa rasayanas are also called as ‘Sindoora’

Contents	Agni Matra	Dose & Anupana	Indications
1. Parada – 16 Tula 2. Gandhak – 96 tula 3. Aloe-Vera trituration	Four day & nights	1 – 2 Ratti (120 – 240 gms) With Abraka Bhasma, Pippali & Honey or according to disease.	Dosha – Kapha Dushya – Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa. Place – Lungs, Heart Bronchi, Stomach etc., Kapha Predominant places.

Precaution: In pitta predominant prakriti ( constituent) & pitta predominant kasa & pitta predominant other diseases, do not use the Rasa - Sindoora.

2. Malla Sindoora:

Method: I

Contents	Heating Time	Dose & Anupana	Action On	Indications
1. Somala - 5 tula 2. Mercury – 10 tula 3. Sulphur – 10 tula 4. Aloe – Vera Trituration	36 – 48 hours	¼ - ½ Ratti (36 – 60 mg BD) with Pipalli & Honey	Dosha – Kapha Dushya – Rasa Places – Lungs & other Kapha predominant Places	Shwasa, Kasa, Sannipata, Unmada, Hysteria, Aamavata, Vataroga, prameha, & all disorders

Method: II

Contents	Heating Time	Dose & Anupana	Action On	Indications
1. Somala - 5 tula 2. Parada – 10 tula 3. Gandhak – 10 tula 4. Rasakarpoor–10 tula 5. Aloe – Vera Trituration	36–48 hours	¼ - ½ Ratti (36 – 60 mg BD) with Ghee, Honey or Gingiber Juice	Dosha – Kapha Dushya – Rasa Places – Lungs & other Kapha predominant Places	Upadamsha(syphilis), Paralysis, Skin Disorders, Blood Disorder, Bronchial Asthama Osteoarthritis

Precaution: If anyone want to give this medicine more than 15 days, one should prescribe pravala etc. shita virya dravyas for 5 – 7 days after every 15 days course of Malla – Sindoora. If, after giving this medicine, patient suffer from burning sensation, redness of eyes & inflammation of eyes, discard the medicine immediately.

3. Tala Sindoora

Ingrediants	Heating-time	Dose	Action on	Indications
1.Haritala-5tula 2.Parada-10tula 3.Gandhak – 10 tula 4.Kumari – Bhavana	48 Hrs	1-2 Ratti(120 – 240 Mg) Gingibarjuice Honey Ghee	Dosha-kapha, Kapha-vata Dushya-Mamsa&Rakta	.Kustha .Vatarakta .Upadansha .Blood disorders .Skin disorders . Asthama .Kshaya(TB) .Vishamjwara .Jantughna (Antibiotics)

4. Shila – Sindoora:

Ingrediants	Heating-time	Dose	Action on	Indications
1.Manashila – 5 tula 2.Parada-10 Tula 3.Gandhaka-10 Tula 4. Kumari – Bhavana	60 Hrs.	1 – 2 Ratti (120-240mg) With Honey	Dosha – Kapha Dushya – Rakta	.Astama .Cough .Obesity .Skin – diseases .Kanthamala .Vishaghna (Anti-allergic) .Athero Sclerosis .Jantughna (Antimicrobia) .Epilepsy

Note: Useful in Any Hypertrophied condition eg. B.P.H

5. Manikya Rasa

Ingrediants	Heating-time	Dose	Action on	Indications
1.Parada–8 tula 2. Gandhak – 8 tula 3. Manashil – 8 tula 4.Naga – 8 tula 5. Kumari – Bhavana	60 Hrs.	½ - 1 Ratti (60-120 mg) with Butter, Misri, Honey, Betal leaf Juice.	Dosha-Kapha&Vata Dushya – Rasa Rakta Mamsa Places – Liver, Lungs, Stomach, Nerves, Urinary Systems	. Cough & Fever In Kshaya ( TB ) . Shwasa . Increase vitality . Dhatu-kshinata . Shukrastambhak . Rajayaksma

6. Swarna – Vanga ( “MASK – MRUGANK”)

Ingrediants	Heating-time	Dose	Action on	Indications
1.Vanga – 5tula 2.Parada – 5tula 3.Gandhak – 5 tula 4. Navasadar – 4 tula 5.Kalami – 1 Tula Shora	24 Hrs. [for this preparation should not need Tikshnagni]	2 – 3 Ratti (240 – 360 mg) With Honey, Milk – cream, Butter Misri.	Dasha – pitta, Vata. Doshya – Rakta, Mamsa Places-Urinary System, Reproductive System.	. Prameha . Dourbalya (Weakness) . Diabeties . Cough .Swasa .Swaphadosha .Acts as Aphrodiasic (Vajeekarana) .Osteoarthritis .Skin Diseases.

7. Sameer-Pannaga Rasa:

Ingrediants	Heating-time	Dose	Action on	Indications
1. Parada – 10 tula 2. Gandhak – 10 tula 3. Somal – 10 tula 4. Manahshil–10 tula 5. Hatirala – 10 tula Bhavana – Tulasi Swarasa or Kumari Swarasa for 3 days	50-60 hrs	½ - 2 Ratti (60 mg–240 mg) BID / TID with Gingiber Juice + Honey Betal leaf Juice +Honey Vasa swarasa Yashimadhu	Dosha Kapha Kapha – Vata Dushya – Rasa Rakta Mamsa Places Chest, Stomoch, Liver, Spleen, Nerves, Nerve Centre, Brain, Skin.	Pneumonia Osteoarthritis Unmade Kasa Shwasa Jwara Chronic Paralysis Skin diseases Facial Paralysis

8. Swarna Bhupati Rasa:

Ingrediants	Heating-time	Dose	Action on	Indications
1. Parada – 1 part 2. Gandhak – 1 part 3. Tamra Bhasma 2 part 4. Abhrak Bhasma 1 part 5. Loha Bhasma – 1 part 6. Kanta Loha Bhasma – 1 part 7. Suvarna Bhasma – 1 part 8. Rajata Bhasma – 1 part 9. Aconitum – 1 part Ferox (Bacchanag) 10.Bhavana Hamsaraja Juice 12 hrs.	2 Prahara ( 6 hours) Mandagni (Mild Heat) It is collected at a base of bottle (Talastha)	1-1 ½ Ratti (120 – 180 mg) with Gingiber – Juice, Misri Pippali+ Honey Or Diseasewise	Dosha – all three Doshas Dushya – all dhatus Places- stomach Liver, Spleen, Lungs, Blood Vessels, Nerves, Kidney (vrukka) Virya Sthana, Pipasa Sthana, Mostly acts on all parts of body	2^nd stage of sannipata & Kshaya Amavata Dhanurvata Urustambha Panguvata All types of shula (pains) Gulma Prameha Udar – Roga Ashmari Bhagandar Vidradhi Pandu,kamala

9. Astamurti Rasa

Ingrediants	Heating-time	Dose	Action on	Indications
1. Parada – 1 tula 2. Gandhak – 6 tula 3. Hingula – 1 tula 4. Manshila – 1 tula 5. Somal - 1 tula 6. Harital – 6 masha 7. Rasakarpoor – 9 tula 8. Mudrasang – 6 Masha 9. Spatika – 1 tula 10.Suvarna–6 masha foils 11. Rajata - 6 masha foils	30 hrs Mrudu Madhyama Tikshana Agni	1 – 2 Ratti (120 -240 mg) with rubbing in gingiber Juice + Honey B.I.D.	Dosha – Vata & Pitta, Dosha – Rakta, Mamsa, Asthi, Majja, Places: Sushumna, Nadichakras Nerves Tendons Lungs, Heart Kidney(Vrakka)	Chronic syphilis, Vishamjwara Sannipataja Kshaya Sanyas(Coma) Apsmar Mutraghata (Retention of Urine) Kalay Khanja Apatanak Apatantraka Vatavyadhi Replasing fever

10. Vyadhiharana Rasa

Ingrediants	Agni – Matra	Dose	Action on	Indications
1. Parada – 5 tula 2. Gandhaka – 5 tula 3. Somala – 5 tula 4. Haritala – 5 tula 5. Manshila – 5 tula 6. Raskarpoora– 5 tula Bhavana Kumari Swarasa	52 hrs	½ - 1 Ratti B.I.D. with Honey or Ghee	Dosha – Vata Pitta Kapha Dushya – Rasa Raktadi all dhatus	New & chronic Firanga & Sandhivata Kustha Nasa-Varna Nadi – Varna Due to the effect of Firanga

11. Panchasuta Rasa:

Ingrediants	Agni – Matra	Dose	Action on	Indications
1. Parada – 4 tula 2. Hingula – 8 tula 3. Somala – 5 tula 4. Gandhaka – 4 tula 5. Rasasindoor – 6 tula 6. Rasakarpoor– 8 tula Bhavana – 3 by	Approximately 35 hours	½ Ratti (60 mg) with Honey, Gingiber Juice, Tulasi Juice, bid/Tid.	Dosha-Kapha, Dushya-Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Places – Lungs, Pleura, Large intestine, Duodenum, Sahastrara, Nerves	Shwasa, Kasa, Aamaja – Sula, Dushta Vatavikara, Pleurisy, Sannipata, Main function is Kaphashoshak Hriday-uttejaka

12. Tripur-Bhairav Rasa:

Ingrediants	Agni – Matra	Dose	Action on	Indications
1. Parada – 10 tula 2. Gandhaka – 10 tula 3. Hingula – 10 tula 4.Rasakarpoor–10 tula 5. Navsadar – 1 tula 6. Spatika – 5 Tula	Two days ( 36 days)	½ Ratti Two days a day with ghee		Upadanshajanya Vikaras

13. Purnachandrodayarasa:- (Specific) (Ref. Vd. Bardrinarayana Sastri)

Contents

Agni

Dose & Anupana

Action on

Indications

Parada – 20 Tola
Gandhaka – 2000 Tola
Suvarna Bhasma – 21/2 Tola
Abhraka Satra – 5 Tola
Suvamamakshika satva – 5 Tola

¼ -1 Ratti

Two times a day

With Milk a day

With milk cream

Hitdourbalya

Oligospermia

azoospermia

Weakness of organs

All sexual disorders

14. Makardhwaja:- Chandrodaya Rasa (Ref. Rasendra sara sangraha)

Contents	Agni	Dose & Anupana	Action on	Indications
1.Suvarna foils - 1 part 2.Parada – 8 parts 3.Gandhaka – 16 parts - Bhavana – .Raktakarpasa flowers . Kumari swarasa	24 Hrs 06Hr-mild 06Hr-moderate 06Hr-High 06Hr-After Mudra	½ -2Ratti with .Honey .Ghee .Butter .Milk .Betal leaf Juice	.Best Rasayan & Vajeekaran .Vayasthapaka .Balya .Brumhana .Medhavardhak .With proper vehicle cures all diseases	Early ejaculation .Oligospermia .Oligospermia .All diseases .All sexual disorders

15. Siddhamakardhwaja: (Rasatarangini):-

Contents	Agni	Dose & Anupana	Action on	Indications
1.Gold foild -4 part 2.Hingulotha -8 parts 3.Gandhaka -16 parts	24 Hrs	½ -2Ratti with .Honey .Ghee .Butter .Milk .Betal leaf Juice	.Best Rasayan & Vajeekaran .Vayasthapaka .Balya .Brumhana .Medhavardhak .With proper vehicle cures all diseases	.Kshaya (T.B) .Incurable cough .Prameha .Aantroshosha (Intestinal T.B) .Sexual disorder

16. Sarvagasundara Rasa:- (Ref. Rasatarangini)

Contents	Agni	Dose & Anupana	Action on	Indications
1.Parada -1 pala 2.Gandhaka -1 pala Trituration for 7 days with .Bhumyamlki & Hastishundi juices	24 Hrs (mild Heat)		.Hridady pritijanana .Balya .Varnya .Agni vardhaka .Kamavardhak	.Udara .Atisara .Jwara .Sexual disorder

17. Rasa Pushpa 2^nd :- (Rasatarangini)

Contents	Agni	Dose & Anupana	Action on	Indications
1.Parada -5 Tola 2.Gandhaka -5 Tala 3. Kasisa - 5 Tola	06 Hrs	½ -2 ½ Ratti. For Virechana Karma – 2 ½ Ratti .For Firanga ¼ Ratti	.Krimihara .Virechaka	.Visuchika Note: Should not use for long time.

Colors of the some important Kupipakwa-Rasayanas:

Rasa-Karpoora (Hg cl2) --- White small granules
Rasa-Pushpa (calomel) --- White granules like fine needle shape octangualr
Rasasindoora ---Redish
Swarnasindoora --- Redish
Makardhwaja --- Before mardana = Aamra pravalapatra like (like

new leaves of mango)

6. Swarnavanga --- Gold like yellowish-redish, light.

7. Mallasindoora --- Black & Bright

8. Sameerpanaga --- Urdhvastha – Black &Bright. After mardan-Red

Talastha- Black, Hard. After mardana - looks like “Rasamanikya”

DIFFERENT KUPIPAKVA RASAS IN DIFFERENT RASASHASTRA TEXT

Name Text

1. Agadeshwara Rasa Rasendrakalpadruma

2. Agnikumar Rasa – 1 Rasa Ratna Pradipika

3. Agnikumar Rasa – 2 Vaidya Chintamani

4. Agnikumar Rasa – 3 Vaidya Chintamani

5. Agnikumar Rasa – 4 Rasaraja sundar

6. Agnikumar Rasa – 5 Ratnakar Aushadhayoga

7. Agnikumar Rasa - Agsta Sampraday Granth

8. Anangasundar Rasa Rasendrasara Sangraha

9. Amruteshwara Rasa Basavarajeeyam (Telugu)

10. Amir Rasa Siddha Bhaishyajya Manimala

11. Arkanaleshwara Rasa Yogmaharnava

12. Ardhanarinateshwara Rasa Ratnakar Aushadhyoga

13. Ashtavakra Rasa Bhaishyajya Ratnavali

14. Udayabhaskara Rasa Nighantu Ratnakar

15. Upadansha Davanala Rasa Nutan Kalpasamghraha

16. Kanakagiri Rasa Rasavatara Dwitiya

17. Kanakasindura Rasa Yogaratnakara

18. Kapha Vidhwansa Rasa Rasayan Samghrah

19. Kalpataru Rasa Ratnakar Aushadhyoga

20. Kalyan Bhairava Rasa Vaidyachintamani

21. Kasturi Rasa Rasakamdhenu

22. Kantasindura Rasa Agastya Prokta Grantha

23. Kantavallabha Rasa Vaidyachintamani

24. Kamdeva Rasa Rasadipika

25. Kamalapranuta Rasa Rasachandanshu

26. Kamalasan Rasa Laghu Vaidyachintamani

27. Kaminikama Bhanjana Rasa Chikitsa Ratnabharan

28. Kameshwari Rasa Rasaratna Manimala

29. Kalagni Rudra Rasa Vaidya Chintamani

30. Kasahara Rasa Rasachandanshu

31. Kusthagajakesari Rasa Rasakakaliya

32. Kusthankusha Rasa Rasakamdhenu

33. Kushthari Rasa Rasakamdhenu

34. Khageshwara Rasa Rasaratna sammucchyaya

35. Khechari Gutika Rasaprakash Sudhakara

36. Grahanighna Rasa Rasa avatara

37. Chandabhairava Rasa Vaidyachintamani

38. Chandrodaya Rasa Rasakaumudi

39. Chanda martanda Rasa Vyasa sampradaya Grantha

40. Chintamani Rasa Rasaratna samuchaya

41. Chudamani Rasa Rasarajashankara

42. Chaitanya Bhairava Rasa Rasendrasara Sanghraha

43. Chardyantaka Rasa Yogaratnakara

44. Jirnajwarahara Rasa Rasakovida

45. Jwaramattebhakesari Rasa Todarananda

46. Jwarankusha Rasa Rasarajsundara

47. Jwarari Rasa Rasa avatara (2^nd )

48. Tamrabhairava Rasa Rasa avatara (2^nd )

49. Tamrabhairava Rasa 2^nd Rasa avatara (2^nd )

50. Tamreshwara Rasa Rasa rajsundar

51. Tamrasindoora Vyasa sampradaya Text

52. Talaka Rasayana Rasayana sanghraha

53. Talkeshwara Rasa – 1 Rasachintamani

54. Talkeshwara Rasa - 2 Rasayana sanghraha

55. Talkeshwara Rasa – 3 Rasayana sanghraha

56. Talkeshwara Rasa – 4 Rasendrakalpadruma

57. Talkeshwara Rasa – 5 Rasayana sanghraha

58. Talkeshwara Rasa – 6 Rasakamdhenu

59. Talkeshwara (Tarkeshwar) Rasaratnakara

60. Talsindoora (Manikya Rasa) Nutanakalpa

61. Talsindoora – 2 Ratnakar Aushadhsangraha

62. Talsindoora – 3 Siddha Bhaishyajya Manimala

63. Talasindoora – 4 Brihatyoga tarangini

64. Talasindoora – 5 Yogamaharnava

65. Trinetra Rasa - 1 Rasayanasangraha

66. Trinetra Rasa – 2 Rasaratnasammucchyaya

67. Tripurbhairavarasa Rasendrasara Sanghraha

68. Trivikrama Rasa – 1 Rasaratnasamucchayaya

69. Trivikrama Rasa – 2 Vaidyachintamani

70. Trisanghatta Rasa Rasakamdhenu

71. Trailokya chudamani Rasa Rasakamdhenu

72. Trailokya Mohanarasa Rasapradipa

73. Daradasindura Rasa Rasayana Sanghraha

74. Daradeshwara Rasa Rasakamdhenu

75. Drishtaprabhava Rasa Rasalankara

76. Navagraha Rasa – 1 Rasamaumudi

77. Navagraha Rasa – 2 Ratnakar Aushadhayoga

78. Nagasindoora Rasayanasangraha

79. Narsimha Rasa Rasayanasangraha

80. Naracha Rasa Vaidyachintamani

81. Nidhishwara Rasa Rasasagar

82. Nailisindoora (Kupipakwa Rasa Nirman Vigyana)

83. Panchabalarasa Rasarajashankara

84. Pandhaloha Bhupati Rasa Rasayana Sanghraha

85. Panchanana Rasa Rasaavatara

86. Panibaddha Rasa Vaidyachintamani

87. Pandudalana Rasa Rasa avatara

88. Pandusudana Rasa Rasaprakashasudhakara

89. Paradadivati Ratnakar Aushadhyoga

90. Pashupatastra Rasa Rasayanasangraha

91. Pittabhanjana Rasa Vaidyachintamani

92. Pittantaka Rasa Vaidyachintamani

93. Peetamruganka Rasa Rasachandanshu

94. Piyushaghana Rasa Rasadipika

95. Purnachandrodaya Siddhasampradaya

96. Purnachandrodaya Rasa Vaidyachintamani

97. Purnabhraka Rasa Vaidyachintamani

98. Pratap Tapana Rasa Rasrajasundara

99. Pratigya Vachaka Rasa rasaprakashsudhakara

100. Pramadebhankusha Rasa Brihat Yoga Tarangini

101. Pramehasetu Rasa Rasachintamani

102. Pramehahara Rasa Vasavarajiya

103. Pramehantaka Rasa Vaidyachintamani

104. Pramehari Rasa Rasaratnasamucchayaya

105. Pralayanal Rasa Vaidyachintamani

106. Pralakalagnirudra Rasa Rasayanasanghraha

107. Praneshwara Rasa – 1 Vaidyachintamani

108. Praneshwara Rasa – 2 Rasarajashankhar

109. Fanipati Rasa Vasava rajiya

110. Fanibhushana Rasa Vaidyachintamani

111. Baddhatalaka Vyasasampradaya

112. Baddhadarada Vyasasampraddya

113. Baddhamayah Vyasasampradaya

114. Baddhamaha Rasa Vyasasampradaya

115. Bramharakshasa Rasa Rasakaumudi

116. Bhaskarotkirti Rasa Rasarajasiromani

117. Bhaskara Rasa – 1 Rasavatara

118. Bhaskara Rasa – 2 Rasaprakashsudhakara

119. Bhutnath Rasa Rasadipika

120. Bhairava Rasa Rasarajshankara

121. Makaradhwaja Rasa Rasratnakar (Rasayankhanda)

122. Madankamdeva Rasa – 1 Rasendrakalpadrum

123. Madankamdeva Rasa – 2 Vasamruta

124. Madankamdeva Rasa – 3 Brihadyogatarangini

125. Madanakusharasa Rasakamdhenu

126. Madanodaya Rasa Rasamanjiri

127. Manobhairava Rasa Vaidyachintamani

128. Manthanbhairava Rasa Chikitsakramkalpavalli

129. Manmatha Rasa Rasaratnasamucchyaya

130. Mallasindoora – 1 Rasayanasangraha

131. Mallasindoora – 2 Rasayanasara

132. Mallasindoora – 3 Rasayanasara

133. Mahabhairava Rasa Vaidyachintamani

134. Manikya Rasa – 1 Rasarajsundar

135. Manikya Rasa – 2 Rasachandanshu.

136. Manikya Rasa – 3 Rasayanasangraha

137. Manikya Rasa – 4 Rasayanasangraha

138. Muktagarbhapotali Rasa Rasarajashankara

139. Muktamriganka Rasa Rasapaddhati

140. Mruganka Rasa – 1 Sharangadhara sambita

141. Mruganka Rasa – 2 Rasendrasara Sangraha

142. Mruganka Rasa – 3 Rasakamdhenu

143. Mruganka Rasa – 4 Ratnakara Aushadhayoga

144. Mritasanjeevana Rasa Ratnakara ` Aushadhayoga

145. Mritasanjeevana Rasa – 2 Rasaratnamanimala

146. Mritasanjeevana Rasa – 3 Vasavarajiyam

147. Mrutothapana Rasa Rasarajashankara

148. Meghanada Rasa – 1 Todarananda

149. Meghanada Rasa – 2 Rasavatara

150. Yakshmakshatru Rasa Rasayanasangraha

151. Yogavahaka Rasa Rasadipika

152. Yogi Rasa Ratnakara Aushadhayoga

153. Ratneshwara Rasa Rasayanasangraha

154. Ravitndava Rasa Rasendrasarasangraha

155. Ravitandava Rasa – 2 Rasayanasangraha

156. Rasarajeshwara Rasa Laghuvaidyachintamani

157. Rasarakshasa Rasa Rasasangrahasiddhanta

158. Rasarakshasa Rasa – 2 Rasaratnasamucchyaya

159. Rasarakshasa Rasa – 3 Rasakamdhenu

160. Rasakarpoor – 1 Rasakamdhenu

161. Rasakarpoor – 2 Rasakamdhenu

162. Rasakarpoor – 3 Rasakamdhenu

163. Rasakarpoor – 4 Rasakamdhenu

164. Rasakarpoor – 5 Nutanvidhi

165. Rasasindoora Nighantu Ratnakara

166. Rasasindoora – 2 Ratnakar Aoushadhayoga

167. Rasasindoora – 3 Rasendrasarasangraha

168. Rasasindoora – 4 Nighanturatnakara

169. Rasasindoora – 5 Ratnakar Aoushadhyoga

170. Rasabhraka Rasa Raschintamani

171. Rasendramangala Rasa Rasakamdhenu

172. Rasendra Rasa Vaidyachintamani

173. Rasarajeshwara Rasa Vaidyachintamani

174. Raupyaraja Rasa Brihatyogatarangini

175. Lankeshwara Rasa Rasarajasundara

176. Lalitnath Rasa Rasakamdhenu

177. Laharitaranga Rasa Rasarajasundar

178. Laxmivilas Rasa Rasakamdhenu

179. Lokeshwara Rasa Vaidyachintamani

180. Vangeshwara Rasa Nighanturatnakara

181. Vangeshwara Rasa – 2 Rasarajsundar

182. Vangeshwara Rasa – 3 Rasayanasangraha

183. Vajraghand Rasa Rasakamdhenu

184. Vajradhara Rasa Rasayansangraha

185. Vasantaraj Rasa Rasapuddhati

186. Vanhisiddha Rasa Yogamaharnava

187. Vataraktashoshi Rasa Rasaratnamanimala

188. Vatavidwansa Rasa Rasendrasara Sangraha

189. Vatavyadhigajankush Rasa Rasakamdhenu

190. Vatashulahara Rasa Chikitsakramkalpavalli

191. Vatari Rasa Ratnakara Aoushadhyoga

192. Varishoshan Rasa Rasendrasarasangraha

193. Varisagara Rasa Yogamharnava

194. Vikralavaktra Bhairava Rasa Rsakamdhenu

195. Vijaychooda Rasa Rasendrakalpadruma

196. Vijaybhairava Rasa Vaidyachitamani

197. Vijaysindoora Rasakamdhenu

198. Vidaran Narsimha Rasa Rasarajashankara

199. Vidyavallabha Rasa Rasachintamani

200. Vidyavagishwara Rasa Vasavarajiya

201. Vishwamurti Rasa Rasachintamani

202. Vishamajwara Rasa Rasayanasangraha

203. Vishamantaka Rasa Todarananda

204. Vishamari Rasa Rasakamdhenu

205. Vedavidya Rasa Vasavarajiya

206. Vaikrantabaddha Rasa Todarananda

207. Vyadhiharana Rasa Rasayanasangraha

208. Vranamardana Rasa Rasaratnamanimala

209. Vranavavanal Rasa Ratnakar Aoushadhayoga

210. Sharabheshwara Rasa Vaidyachintamani

211. Shilasindoora Rasayanasara

212. Shilasindoora – 2 Rasayanasara

213. Shilasindoora – 3 Yogamaharnava

214. Shilasindoora – 4 Ratnakar Aoushadayoga

215. Shitajwala Rasa Ratnakar Aoushadayoga

216. Shitabhanji Rasa Rasakumhenu

217. Shitabhanji Rasa – 2 Rasakamdhenu

218. Shitabhanji Rasa – 3 Rasendrasarasangraha

219. Shrinkhalavatanashana Rasa Vasavarajiyam

220. Shwitrari Rasa Rasaratnasamucchaya

221. Shanmukha Rasa Rasakoumudi

222. Sankocha Rasa Rasavatara

223. Sanjeevana Rasa Vasavarajiyam

224. Satwashekhara Rasa Todarananda

225. Sandhivatari Rasa Vasavarajiyam

226. Sannipata kalanala Rasa Rasendrakalpadruma

227. Sannipatadavanala Rasa Ratnakar Aoushadhayoga

228. Sannipatabhairava Rasa Sharangadhara

229. Sameerapannaga Rasa Rasachandanshu

230. Sarvajwarari Rasa Rasavatara (2^nd )

231. Sarvalokashraya Rasa Rasaratnasamuchaya

232. Sarvasundara Rasa Rasaprakashsudhakara

233. Sarvangasundara Rasa Rasakamadhenu

234. Sarvangasundara Rasa – 2 Rasendrasarasangraha

235. Sarvangasundara Rasa – 3 Rasakamadhenu

236. Sarvangasundara Rasa – 4 Vasavarajiya

237. Sarveshwara Rasa Rasakamadhenu

238. Sarveshwara Rasa Brihad Yogatarangini

239. Saraswata Rasa Rasakamadhenu

240. Siddhasuta Rasa Bhaishyajyaratnavali

241. Sudarshana Rasa Todarananda

242. Sudhanidhi Rasa Vasavarajiya

243. Suvarnabhupati Rasa Nighantu Ratnakara

244. Suvarnavanga Kupipakwa Rasa Nirmana Vigyam

245. Suvarnarajavangeshwar Rasayanasangraha

246. Suvarnasindoora Ratnakara Aoushadhayoga

247. Suchikabharana Rasa Ratnakara Aoushadhayoga

248. Suchikabharana Rasa – 2 Rasarajashankar

249. Sutaraja Rasa Rasavatara

250. Sutendra Rasa Rasaratnasamucchaya

251. Suryashekhara Rasa Rasachintamani

252. Somnathi Tamra Rasachudamani

253. Somnathi Tamra – 2 Rasachudamani

254. Sthoulyagajakesari

255. Swacchandanayaka Rasa Rasachintamani

256. Swacchandanayaka Rasa – 2 Nighanturatnakara

257. Swacchandanayaka Rasa – 3 Rasaratnakara

258. Hargourisrushta Rasa Rasaratnakara

259. Harrudra Rasa Nighanturatnakara

260. Hatkakhya Rasa Laghuvaidyachintamani

261. Hemaprabha Rasa Rasavatara

262. Kshayantaka Rasa Todarananda

Analytical Table

Makardhwaja (Ref – Bhaishyajya Ratnavali)

Physical Property Colour - Redish (Raktavarna)

Smell/Odour - Odourless

Texture - Fine powder

Taste _ Tasteless

Quantitative

Free Sulphur - Nil

Sulphur - Maximum 14.0% w/w

Minimum 11.05% w/w

Mercury - Maximum 86.0% w/w

Minimum 72.2% w/w

Gold - Absent

RASA – SINDOORA (Rasatarangini)

Physical – properties Colour - Redish(Raktavarna)

Odour - Odourless

Texture - Fine powder

Taste - Tasteless

Quantitative

Free Sulphur Minimum 1.4% w/w

Maximum 9.9% w/w

Sulphur Minimum 13.2% w/w

Maximum 13.8% w/w

Mercury Minimum 82.7% w/w

Maximum 87.1% w/w

Ash quantity Nil

SAMIRPANNAGARASA (Ayurvediya Aushadhigunadhurmashastry)

Physical properties Colour - Yellowish – Redish

Odour - Odourless

Texture - Fine powder

Taste - Tasteless

Quantitative

Free Sulphur Minimum 1.4% w/w

Maximum 3.3% w/w

Sulphur Maximum 20.03% w/w

Mercury Minimum 12.0% w/w

Maximum 19.2% w/w

Arsenic Minimum 30.28% w/w

Maximum 32.50% w/w

MALLA SINDOORA (Siddhabheshaj Manimala)

Physical Properties Colour Redish, Maroon

Odour Odourless

Texture Fine powder

Taste Tasteless

Quantitative

Free Sulphur Maximum 3.36% w/w

Sulphur Maximum 19.68% w/w

Mercury Maximum 52.01% w/w

Arsenic as Maximum 14.30% w/w

RASA – KARPOORA (Rasatarangini)

Physical Properties Colour White (Shweta)

Texture Fine powder

Taste Tasteless

Quantitative

Free Sulphur Nil

Sulphur Nil

Mercury Minimum 64.3% w/w

Maximum 74.6% w/w

Cloride as Cl Maximum 24.55% w/w

Sodium as Na Only Traces

RASA PUSHPA (Rasatarangini)

Physical properties Colour White (Shwet)

Odour Odourless

Texture Fine powder

Taste Tasteless

Quantitative

Free Sulphur Nil

Sulphur Nil

Mercury HgO Maximum 91.73% w/w

Iron as Fe₃O₂ Minimum 0.721% w/w

Maximum 11.870% w/w

Chloride as Cl Maximum 21.16% w/w

Solubility in Acid Maximum 0.63% w/w

Loss after heating Maximum 97.9% w/w

SWARNA VANGA(Rasatarangini)

Physical Properties Colour - Yellow like Gold

Odour - Very light

Texture - Very smooth

Taste - Tasteless

Quantitative

Free Sulphur Nil

Sulphur Minimum 12.9% w/w

Maximum 35.2% w/w

Mercury Maximum 1.0% w/w

Tin as SnS₂ Minimum 33.7% w/w

Maximum 64.4% w/w

Tin as SnO₂ Minimum 63.45% w/w

Maximum 80.49% w/w

Standardisation of kupipakwa Rasayana by Adopting Metallographic Technique with special Reference to Makaradhwaja

(Sachitra Ayurved June, 1994)

Abstract:

Kupipakwa Rasayanas are famous and prestingious drugs in the field of Ayurveda. But due to presence of toxic materials like mercury, Lead, Arsenic etc. are not used to frequently as herbal drugs. Now it is clear that the presence of free metals and certain compounds create problems if they were not property prepared through Ayurvedic methods. No parameter has been established till now to check the impurity of final product.

The metallographic technique is helpful in the identification of constituents of final product into maximum extent.

Introduction:

It is an advancement in the field of Ayurveda to study the structure of metallic preparation as already indicated by adopting metallographic technique. It helps in the study of microstructure of the preparation and also helps in the identification of compound formed during the preparation. It also provides information regarding the quality of metallic drug (specially bhasma) prepared by different methods as well as the effect of the changes in the processing parameters.

For such study the metallic particles to be mounted in self hardening acrylic base and then careful polishing to obtain scratch free surface of products.

Materials and Methods:

1. Acryllic powder

2. Acryllic Hardener

3. Metallic ring

4. Grease, Glass slide

5. Mounting material

6. Emeric paper No.10, 20, 30 and 40

7. Silvet cloth

8. Kerosin Oil

9. Wax

10. Metallurgical light Microscope.

Preparation of Samples:

Generally the drug is used in powdered form, therefore it is necessary to make it into block form for the it is necessary to make it into block form for the examination of metals and its structure under metallurgical microscope.

The drug was mounted on the surface of self hardening acrylic powder in the cylindrical shape block of 1x1 cm in height and diameter. It facilitated the grinding and polishing of drug particles which were in very fine size.

Method of Mounting:

A metallic ring of 10 mm height and 10 mm in diameter was internally coated with grease and kept on a glass slide which was also coated by a thin layer of grease, 0.5 gm of weighted sample of Makardhwaja in powder form and was mixed with 1 gm of Acryllic powderin a mortar. The metallic ring was filled by mixed powder and acryllic hardener was poured drop by drop. The liquid reacts with powder and forms a plastic mass which binds the powdered drug and gets converted into a pallet by self hardening. After a few seconds the vacant space was again filled by plane Acryllic powder and the acrylic hardener was also added, till the required height of block was achieved after about 15 minutes the pallet was taken out by gentle it out of the ring. The presence of grease on the glass slide and the inner surface of ring prevents formation of bond between the acrylic material and contact surface, it also helps in easy ejection of the sample from the ring.

Polishing of Blocks:

Prepared blocks were rubbed on emeric paper graded No.10, 20, 30 and 40 respectivelly make it plane.

Since the Makardhwaja was very soft in nature, the mounted sample was at first rubbed on course emeric paper No.10 to cut and reveal the inner surface of the drug particle. Subsequently it was further on 20, 30 and 40 respectively. Before changing the polishing process from corser size of finer size paper the samples were cleaned with water and cotton and the direction of polishing was changed by 90°.

Finally after washing with water all the samples were rubbed on silver cloth very carefully and applying very light pressure because the material was soft in nature and could seratch on block if the pressure was slight more.

The sample surface of the mount could not be polished finally upto desired seratch free level, by usual method. Hence, final polishing was done by using a clean solution of paraffin in kerosin oil on silver cloth.

The polished surface were washed, with menthanol to remove the wax and oil etc. and thus, the sample was ready for microscopial study.

Metallurgical Microscope

In the microscope the study of microstructure is done under reflected light instead of illuminated light as in biological microscope. In this particular cause the more advanced Litz microscope was used to study the microstructure under colour contrast and polarized light.

Microscopic Study of the Mounted Sample:

Polished sample were fixed on a glass slide with the help of plasticine and leveled by slight pressure under the leveler, the mounted slide was placed on the platform, under objective lense. The lense was focused on the surface of the sample and the structure of product stydied at different magnifications.

The total surface area of the mounted sample was studied minutely by moving the slide in X and Y directions with the help of movable screw fixed to the platform.

The samples were examined in polished condition in 1. Plane Light 2. Polarised Light 3. Colour Contrast light

And were studied at different magnification as follows:

The microstructural features of the Makardhwaja and Rasa Sindura prepared by two different techniques described earlier by Rasa classic and also compared the Makardhawaja purchased from market.

Discussion:

Makardhwaja prepared by Ayurvedic method is chemically the compound of mercury and sulphur i.e. Hgs (Red), This compound also exists in nature as cinnabar mineral associated with other rocks and minerals. The chemical method of preparation of red variety of Hgs may be demonstrated by the following reaction.

(HgCl₂ )_L + (H₂S)_G – (HgS)_S + 2(HCL)_L

i.e. when hydrogen sulphide passes through a solution of mercuric chloride, black precipitate converts into red HgS. But no Ayurvedic reference is available to use this compound for therapeyitic purpose.

However its use in Ayrvedic medicine is found in the form of mdkardhwaja, Rasasindura and Hingula which are effective medicine for Rasayana and many other therapentic effects.

The Ayurvedic approach to the manufacture of red mercuric sulphide seems to be high temperature reaction between mercury and sulphur but since mercury is nan-metallic liquid it is almost impossible or difficult task to mix mercury and sulphur intimately. However, the ancient scholats of Ayurveda have mentioned a very innovative and effective approach, to solve this problem by first forming an amalgam of Gold and Mercury.

As seen from Au-Hg phase diagram which shows both the elements mix readily at room temperature to form a series of compounds generally known as amalgam. The Au – S phase diagram shows that these are also immisible both in liquid as well as in soild state. When sulphur powder triturated with mixture of amalgam of elemental mercury they readily interact to form black sulphide of Mercury (HgS) at room temperature.

Here the idea behind to add gold before adding sulphur is that the mercury gets divided into fine states which helps to expose the maximum surface are in amalgam state for reaction with sulphur. In preparation of Makardhwaja, the compound HgS (Red) is formed in the absence of oxygen because at last stage the sulphur byrns on the mouth of bottle and when the bottle is corked and heated at 500° to 600°C.

Thus there is the possibility to form a sulphide compound only in the product. The detailed procedure of manufacture of Makardhwaja as per Ayurvedic mehod has been described earlier which mentioned the use of a number of herbal drugs for the sodhan and the bhavana of this products, probably because of this the red Mercuric sulphide made by this technique is non-toxic for the body where as the use of Mercuric sulphide red made by other chemical technique has adverse effects.

The metallographic microstructure study of makardhwaraja particles shows the formation of coloumnar grains. It may be concluded that gold acts as a media for the desired chemical reaction between Mercury and Sulphur during trituration due to the effect of amalgamation it get converted to very fine fleks and remains in the bottom residue of kupi and it does not go to the sublimed compound. The absence of gold is confirmed by the chemical well as spectral analysis.

Result: Thus the metallographic study to help in identification of purity of drug and microstructural analysis. On the basis of metallographic study it can be said that it is the best parameter for standardization of drug and also identification of impurities.

References:

1. Kehl – Principles of Metallographic Laboratory Practice, Eurasia Publishing House (Pvt) Ltd, Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

2. Dr. Das et.al MD(Ayu) thesis 1990, IMS, BHU Rasashastra

3. Dr. Rath et al. MD (Ayu) Thesis 1991 IMS, BHU

4. Dr. Anand et al. MD (Ayu) Thesis 1991 IMS, BHU

5. Dr. Nagaraju et al Ph.D Thesis 1993 IMS, BHU

6. Dr. Prajapati MD Thesis 1994 IMS, BHU, Varanasi.

SOME CLASSICAL KUPIPAKVA RASAYANA AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET WITH PRICE LIST

1. Rasa-sindura: (R.T.6/162-167)

Company	Presentation	Rs.P.
Baidyanath Chirayu Dabur Dhanwantri Dhootpapeshwar Dindayal Gurkul Kashmir Kottakkal Manil Sandu Sdm Uma Zandu	2.5gm 3gm 2.5gm 5gm 2gm 2.5gm 1gm 10gm 10gm 5gm 2gm 5gm 100gm 5gm	38.00 37.00 44.00 26.00 29.00 32.00 35.00 80.00 83.00 46.00 12.50 30.00 210.00 50.00

2. Svarnavanga: (Rasamritam,3,95-100)

Company	Presentation	Rs.P.
Baidyanath Chirayu Dabur Dhootpapeshwar Dindayal Gurkul Kashmir Uma Zandu	2.5gm 3gm 5gm 5gm 5gm 2.5gm 10gm 100gm 5gm	36.00 37.00 61.00 50.00 50.00 37.00 50.00 155.00 33.00

3. Sameera pannagarasa: (Ayurvea Aushadhigunadharma shastra)

Company	Presentation	Rs.P.
Baidyanath Chirayu Dhootpapeshwar Dindayal Gurkul Kashmir Sandu Sdm Uma Zandu	2.5gm 3gm 5gm 2.5gm 5gm 10gm 2gm 5gm 100gm 5gm	49.00 45.00 63.00 41.00 52.00 88.00 12.00 30.00 150.00 35.00

4. Siddha makaradhwaja: (R.T)

Company	Presentation	Rs.P.
Baidyanath Chirayu Dabur Dhootpapeshwar Dindayal Gurkul Kashmir Zandu	500gm 1gm 10gm 1gm 2.5gm 500gm 1gm 2gm	190.00 58.00 65.00 110.00 135.00 190.00 145.00 170.00

5. Vyadhiharana Rasa (Vaidya Chintamani):

Company	Presentation	Rs.P.
Baidyanath	2.5gm	55.00

5. Makaradhawaja: (B.R.Vajikaranadhikara, 237-238)

Company	Presentation	Rs.P.
Baidyanath Chirayu Dabur Dhootpapeshwar Dindayal Gurkul Sandu Shariji Swadeshi Uma Zandu	2.5gm 5gm 40gm 10gm 2.5gm 1gm 20gm 10gm 10gm 100gm 2gm	154.00 90.00 109.00 70.00 60.00 67.00 283.00 50.00 20.00 280.00 35.00

6. Poornachandrodaya: (Basavarajiyam)

Company	Presentation	Rs.P.
Baidyanath Zandu	500gm 2gm	31.00 40.00

7. Malla-Sindoora: (S.B.M.M.5.37)

Company	Presentation	Rs.P.
Baidyanath Chirayu Dabur Dhanwantri Dhootpapeshwar Dindayal Gurkul Kashmir Uma Zandu	2.5gm 5gm 2.5gm 5gm 2gm 1gm 1gm 10gm 100gm 2gm	58.00 82.00 50.00 28.00 34.00 25.00 30.00 80.00 200.00 32.00

Researches in “KUPIPAKVA – RASAYANAS”

Ref: “Researches in Ayurveda” – 2005

Dr. M. S. Baghel, Jamnagar

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. BD - Bidar ( Karnataka )

2. BE - Bellary ( Karnataka )

3. BG - Belgaum ( Karnataka )

4. BU - BHU ( Varanasi, UP )

5. CA - Kolkata ( West Bengal )

6. HP - Paprola ( H.P )

7. HR - Haridwar ( Uttaranchala )

8. HY - Hyderabad ( A.P )

9. JM - Jamnagar ( Gujrata )

10. JP - Jaipur (NIA) Rajasthana

11. KP - Koppa ( Karnataka )

12. LK - Lucknow ( UP )

13. MY - Mysora ( Karnataka )

14. NA - Nashik ( Maharashtra )

15. ND - Nanded ( Maharastra )

16. NG - Nagpur ( Maharastra )

17. NS - Nagpur (Shri Ayu. Col.)( Maharastra )

18. PA - Patna ( Bihar )

19. PT - Patiala ( Punjab )

20. PU - Puri ( Orrisa )

21. UD - Udaipur ( Rajasthan )

1. CHANDAMARITA CHANDOORAM

JM-476 Dr. Harwalkar R.J – 1976 Chandamarita

Chandooram preparation & Its use on skin disease (L-756)

NS-32 Thakur P.S. – 1998 Chandramrit Rasa Nirmana evam Kasaghna Gunadharma Kaprayogika Adhyayan.

2. CHANDRODAYA RASA

UD-38 Sharma S.P – 1987 Chandrodaya Rasa Kalpana evam aska Mrityunjaya Prabhavee Adhyayan

3. GANDHAKA – JARANA

BU-2821 Singh A.K – 1996 Study on the role of Gandhaka Jarana in relation to mercury & its preparation Rasa Sindoora.

4. GANDHAKA – SINDOORA

TR-312 Boban K Alex – 1990 Anticancer property of Gandhak Sindoora.

5. MAKARDHWAJA

BU-234 Prajapati P.K – 1994 Study on Makardhwaja

BU-250 Chinta Sri Durga – 2000 Study of chemical experimental & Immunological effect of Makardhwaja.

BU-2822 Prajapati P. K – 1998 (Ph.D. Thesis)

Study on Makardhwaja

JM-2310 Pattagiri B – A Pharmaceutical & Toxicity Study of Makardhwaja Prepared by Ashtasanskarit Parada.

6. MALLA SINDOORA

BU-202 Sawhney H.S – 1974 Studies on Malla – Sindoora.

CA – 5 Dhanani p – 1982 A study of the clinical profile of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia & its treatment with Malla Sindoora.

HR – 14 Meena Rani – 1996 Chemical Study of Malla Sindoora and its Toxic Effect.

JM – 455 Patel P.C – 1967 Malla Sindoora (with study on shwasa & eosinophillia)(L-357)

JM – 520 Valdoria Rashik N – 1991 A comparative study of three claimed Swashahara Yogas.

(Tamra bhasma, Dhattura moola twak swarasa bhavita kajjali & Malla Sindoora)

JM – 527 Gaur. J – 1993 A Comparative Study on Malla Sindoora prepared by two different methods in relation to its effect on Sandhivata (L-2078)

JP – 135 Bandel Bharti – 2000 Tamaka Shwasa mein Malla Sindoora evam Yashtimadhu ka Chikitsatmaka Adhyayana.

NS – 2002 Khiyani Rajkumar – 1995 Malla Sindoora Nirmana Evam uska Pakshaghata par prayogik Adhyayana.

PT – 20 Singh J – 1979 Malla Sindoora ka Nirmana aur Amavata par Adhyayana.

PU – 37 Mohanti S M – 1987 Role of Malla Sindoora on Vatika Kasa (Tropical pulmonary eosinophillia).

UD – 10 Upadhyaya R.P – 1976 Malla Sindoora ka Vivechanatmaka Adhyayana.

7. MANIKYA RASA

BU – 232 Prasad D V V R – 1993 Standardisation of Manikya Rasa

CA – 63 Samantha U.K – 1993 Clinical & Experimental evaluation of Manikya Rasa with Bakuchi Oil (Psoralia corylifolia) in the treatment of Vicharchika (Atopic dermatitis)

JM – 533 Inamdar M. P – 2000 Standardisation of Manikya Rasa (Tala Sindoora) & its pharmaco clinical study W. S. R to Toxicity. (L-2574)

8. RAJAT SINDOORA

JP – 344 Jain A.K 1996 Rajat Sindoora ka nirmana evam prabhavatmaka adhyayana gridhrasi evam visvachi Roga ke pariprekshya mein.

9. RASAKARPOORA

BU – 227 Rao G.P – 1991 Study on Rasa Karpoora (Standardisation & Evaluation of Toxicity & Antibacterial Activity)

BU – 2820 Rao Prabhakar G – 1995 Study on Rasakarpoora (Ph.D. Thesis)

JM -475 Patel A. S – 1975 Rasa Karpoora Nirmana (L-684)

JM – 494 Yerishwamy H – 1984 The Preparation of Rasa Karpoora & its efficacy in skin disorders W.S.R to vicharchika ( L – 1386 )

JP – 306 Agniras R. K – 1985 Rasa Karpoora Kalpa Vigyana (Ashta – Sanskarita evam Hingulottha Paradase Rasa Karpoora)

10. RASA – PUSHPA

JM – 558 Nawakar Shailesh – 2001 Standardisation of Rasa Pushpa & its pharmaco-chemical study w.s.r to its anti microbial activity (L – 2637)

11. RASA – SINDOORA

BE – 16 Sashibhusan – 2002 Preparation & physico chemical analysis of Shadguna balijarita Rasa Sindoora & its clinical efficacy on Tamak shwasa with three different adjuvant.

BU – 253 Ramsagar – 2002 A comparative Study of Hingula & Rasa Sindoora w.s.r to their Chemical & Toxicity Study on Rasa – Sindoora

BU – 2821 Singh A. K – 1996 Study on role of Gandhaka jarana in relation to mercury & its preparation Rasa Sindoora.

HR – 7 Kuldeep k – 1992 Chemical & Bacteriologic Studies on Rasa – Sindoora.

JM – 471 Somanandan G – 1974 Arkapatra Swarasa Bhavita Rasa Sindoora in Tamak Shwasa (L – 52)

JM – 483 Khair G D – 1978 Comparative study of Arkadala Choorna Alone & along with kajjali & rasa sindoora on shwasa ( L – 840 )

JM – 496 Badha H Jaishree – 1985 A study of Rasa Sindoora with varying proportions of Sulphur. ( L – 1464 )

JM – 498 Bhatt sudha – 1986 “Shukra shatani chasoote” Ke pariprekshya mein samaguna Rasa – Sindoora evam Atmagypta beeja churna ka tulnatmaka adhyayan ( L – 1514 )

JM – 501 Swayam Prakash – 1986 A comparative study of Rasa – Sindoora evam w.s.r to its preparation time & its clinical efficacy in kshudra kushta. ( L – 1514 )

JM – 502 Vaghasia Dhiraj – 1986 Supatha – pakva shadguna balijarita Rasa sindoora ka Vrishya Prabhava ( L – 1511 ).

JM – 512 Sharma Pavan Kumar – 1989 The augmenting effect of Rasa Sindoora (Ashta sanskarita) w.s.r to vrishya yoga in male sexual problems ( L – 1752 )

JM – 513 Agarwal Umeshkumar – 1990 The augmenting effect of Rasa Sindoora w.s.r to shvitraghna yoga ( L – 1785 )

JM – 515 Gandhi D B – 1990 A comparative study of Hypotensive formula alone & along with Rasa Sindoora ( L – 1787 )

JM – 517 Wavare Ramesh – 1990 An experimental & Clinical study of oral contraceptive w.s.r to augmenting property of Rasa Sindoora ( L – 1776 )

JM – 559 Dasondi M – 2002 A comparative pharmaco chemical study of Rasa sindoora (Samaguna & shadguna bali jarita ) w.s.r to its toxicity. (L – 2734)

JM – 2302 Sharma H S – 1986 Standardization of Rasa Sindoora in relation to paka-kala & agni.

JP – 346 Pramanik T K – 1996 Vividha Vidhi Vinirmita Rasa Sindoora ka nirmana tmaka va tulnatmaka evam Nadi-dourbalya par prabhavatmaka adhyayana.

NS – 48 Hattimare Kishor – 2003 Rasa Sindoora nirman evam Tamak Shvasa par aturalayin adhyayana .

PT – 13 Mandgil S – 1978 Rasa Sindoora nirman evam adhyayana.

PT – 38 Surjeevan Kumar – 1985 Shuddha Ashta Sanskarita Parada Se Rasa Sindoora nirman evam tamak shwasa par adhyayan.

TR – 413 Sanjeev Kumar L B – 1990 Clinical Study in the management of Dushta-vrana with Rasa Sindoora internally & Rasa Karpoora dhoopan externally.

UD – 56 Sharma S K – 1993 Ashta sanskarita evam Hingulottha parade dwara Rasa Sindoora nirman evam Tulnatmaka adhyayana.

12. SAMMEER PANNAGA RASA

BU – 239 Raviprakash – 1996 – study on Sameera Pannaga Rasa w.s.r to its pharmaceutical, Chemical and experimental study.

HY – 104 Rao Ramana – 1995 Study effect of Sameera Pannag Rasa in treatment of Tamak Shwasa.

JM – 442 Goradia D D – 1967 Sameera Pannaga Rasa Bhaishajika evam prayogika adhyayana ( L – 348 )

LK – 6 Kansal Y M – 1978 The effect of Sameer Pannaga Rasa on Vatika Kasa w.s.r to tropical pulmonary eosinophillia.

LK – 13 Tewari Vamdeva – 1979 The effect of Sameera Pannaga Rasa on Amavata w.s.r to Rheumatoid Arthritis.

LK – 40 Khare H P – 1984 To evaluate the effect of Sammera Pannaga Rasa with Earanda Taila on Amavata. (Rheumatoid Arthritis) A clinical & Classical Study.

NA – 67 Nikam Mishra – 2000 To study the effect of Samira Pannaga Rasa in Tamaka Swasa Vegavastha.

NS – 30 Ramteke V M – 1997 Sameera Pannaga Rasa Nirmana Evam Gridhrasi Vyadhi ke Pariprekshya mein uske guna-karmon ka Aturalayein Adhyayana.

PT – 12 Jagdish Raj – 1978 Sameera Pannaga Rasa Nirmana Evam Amavata par adhayayana.

UD – 50 Javale K E – 1992 Sameera Pannaga Rasa Nirmana Evam Shvasa Roga par Prabhavatmaka Adhyayana.

13. SHILA – SINDOORA

BE – 18 Madhuridevi R – 2003 Preparation & Physico chemical analysis of Shila Sindoora & its clinical efficacy on Tamak Shwasa.

JM – 2305 Joshi (MS) Chetana A study on Shila Sindoora w.s.r to its toxicity & its clinical efficacy in eosinophillia.

PT – 45 Krishna B – 1987 Shila Sindoora nirmana evam tamaka – shwasa par adhyayana.

14. SINDOORA KALPANA

JM – 406 Shreedharan N – 1958 Sindoora Kalpana ( L – 9 ).

JM – 436 Shukla A.G – Sindoora Kalpana ( L – 229 ).

15. SOMA SINDOORA

UD – 53 Shudhanshu S. K – 1992 Soma Sindoora ka Bhaishayajyakeeya nirman evam tamashasa par prabhavatmaka adhyayan.

16. SWARNA – VANGA

BE – 29 Vijendra P. L – 2004 Analytical Study of Svarna – Vanga & its therapeutic efficacy on Oligozoospermid.

BU – 215 Sharma G – 1984 Pharmacological and Experimental study on Swarna – Vanga w.s.r to its toxicity and Testicular regeneration property.

BU – 2816 Sharma Gyane Shwara – 1992 Studies on Swarna – Vanga w.s.r to effect on Genitourinary System.

HR – 43 Pandey Sanjay – 2001 Preparation & Physico chemical study of Swarna – Vanga.

JM – 422 Rath S P – 1961 Swarna – Vanga.

JP – 47 Pareeka R K – 1981 Madhumeha evam Swarna Vanga (Nidan – Chikitsa tmaka adhyayana).

JP – 355 Sharma R.P – 1999 Swarna Vanga ka nirmanatmaka evam Vajeekarana ke pariprekshya me prabhavatmaka adhyayana.

NS – 3 Papadkar A W – 1981 Swarna Vanga nirmana Vishleshanatmaka adhyayana evam madhymeha par prayoga: EK prayogika adhyayana.

PT – 14 Ramkrishna – 1978 Swarna Vanga ka nirmana evam prameha par adhyayana.

17. TALA – SINDOORA

BG – 104 Honawad Chandrashekar – Pharmaceutico analytical Study of Tala – Sindoora w.s.r to its Toxicity.

JM – 453 Pathak Nityananda – 1969 Tala Sindoora Shwaso roga par ek adhyayana ( L – 453 ).

JM – 303 Sharma G. L – 1983 Tala Sindoora Kalpana.

NS – 15 Pendse V. K – 1993 Tala Sindoora rasa nirmana evam Tamak-Shwasa par prayogika aturalayein adhyayana.

18. TAMRA – SINDOORA

JP – 334 Bhatnagar (MS) P – 1992 Antar – Dhooma evam Bahir-dhoom Tamra Sindoora Kalpana evam Apasmara roga par prabhavatmaka adhyayana.

PT – 16 Sundar Lal – 1976 Tamra-Sindoora nirman evam Tamaka Shwasa par adhyayana.

Discussion

Ø Besides the preparation of rasaoushadhis, this Kupiakva method is used for the preparation of Tamrabhasma, Rajata Bhasma etc. (Rasa Tarangini 17/26-29)

Ø On the basis of works & experiences we are of the opinion that even the incineration (bhasmikaranam) of metals like gold, silver, copper, lead, tin etc. should also be done by kupipakva method as it is very easy and beneficial. (Dr.C.B.ZHA.BHU, Varanasi)

Ø For the preparation of kupipakva rasa, apart fro mercury along with minerals and also used as ingredient.

Ø When bhasmas of metals/minerals are added as an ingredient then in most of the cases it is desired to get the final product Talastha.

Ø To enhance the therapeutic quality of the drug, many specific methods are described, rasa-sindoora itself is used as an ingredient for the preparation of some formulations.

Ø For the preparations of “Mritsanjeevanirasa” the liquids of differenht herbs are added in the kupi during the process of heating (R.R.S. 12/19-22)

Ø For the preparation of “Sarvalokeshrayarasa”, different ingredients are filled in kupi in the form of pallet. (R.R.S. 15/11-18)

Ø For “shadgunajarana” described in Ayurveda Prakash, equal amount of (samagund) of sulphur should be mixed in mercury in different steps. (Ayurved Pra. 1/191) for example, after complete one jarana, next amount of sulphur should be added, or Rasa Sindoora prepared with samaguna. Sulphur should again converted into free mercury by sublimation (patina) and then it should be processed further in the same manner repeatedly till the completion of shadgunajarana.

Conclusion:

Kupipakva Rasaushadhis are magnificent in the main stream of ayurvedic medicaments that are frequently used for dreadful diseases. The descriptions about kupipakva method & many formulations prepared with different constituents and techniques are scattered in various texts.

Bibliography

1. Kupipakva Rasayana Nirman - Vd.Harisharanananda

Vigyan

2. Rasa Ratna Samucchaya - Hindi Vyakhya Dr. Indradeva Tripathi

3. Ayurveda Prakash - Hindi Vyakhya Gulraj Shastri Sampadita

4. Rasatarangini - Pandit Kashinath Shastri Sampadita

5. Bhartiya Rasashastra - Dr. V.G.Desai

6. Parada Vigyaniyam - Dr. Mulashankar Dwivedi

7. Rasatantrasara Va

Siddha Prayoga Sangraha - Krishna Gopal Ayu. Bhavan, Kalada.

8. Ayurved Sara Sangraha - Baidyanath Prakashan, Nagpur.

9. Aoushadhi Gunadharma Shastra- Vd. Gangadhar Shastra Gune.

10. Ayurvediya Rasa Shastra - Dr.Siddhinandana Mishra

11. Ayurvediya Rasa Shastra - Dr.C.B.Zha

12. Ayurvediya Rasa Shastra - Dr.K.Nishteshwar & Dr.Vidyanath

13. Sachitra Ayurved Magazine - June 1994.

14. Aryavaidyan Magazine - Feb – April 2005

15. Application of standardized - Dr. Namburi Hanumanthrao, Vijayawada.

N.P.S.T.

16. Researches in Ayurveda - Dr.Baghel, Jamnagar.

17. Parameters of quality - C.C.R.A.S, New Delhi

Assessment of ayurved & Siddha Drugs

18. Rasa Prakash Sudhakar - Yashodhara Bhatta

Vyakhyakar – Siddhinandana Misra

19. Rasayogasagara - Vd. Hariprapanna Sharma

20. Stedmans Dictionary.

INDEX

COMPILATION - KUPIPAKVA RASAYANA

Ø Introduction 1

Ø Definition 2

Ø Importance 3

Ø Historical aspect 4

Ø Types 5

Ø Yantras, Upakaranas and Material required for Preparation 8

Place for Preparation 8

Important Instruments and Apparatus

a. Kupi (Bottle) 9

b. Valukayantra 10

c. Furnaces 12

d. Pyrometer 14

Miscellaneous Instruments and Apparatus

a. Khalwa Yantra 15

b. Kupi stand 15

c. Trays 15

d. Iron-rod (Loha-Shalaka) 15

e. Copper foils/Coin 16

f. Knife 16

g. Wooden-Rod 16

h. Airtight bottles 16

Material Required 17

a. Drugs and Bhavana Dravyas 17

b. Wrapping Material 17

c. Water 17

d. Firing Material 18

e. Match Box and Kerosene 18

f. First Aid Box 18

g. Observation-Book 18

Procedure (Method of Preparation) 19

Pre-heating Phase

a. Kajjali preparation & Trituration 19

b. Coating of Kupi 20

c. Filling of Raw material in the bottle 22

Heating Phase 22

§ Temperature pattern 22

Observational Action/Procedure 23

§ Cleansing the mouth of bottle 24

§ Determination of proper paka (Paka-Pariksha) 24

§ Important precautions 25

§ Sealing of Mouth (Mudrana) 26

§ Cork (Daat) 26

Post-Heating Phase 27

§ Removing of the bottle 27

§ Breaking of the bottle 27

§ Test for prepared medicine 28

§ Adverse effect of apakva-rasa 28

§ Way to prepare apakva-rasayana to pakva stage 28

Ø Doubts & Answers 29

Ø Some important Kupipakva-rasayanas & Indications 31

Ø Colors of some important rasas 40

Ø Kupipakva-rasas in different Rasashastra Texts 41

Ø Analytical Table 50

Ø Standardisation – Metallographic Technique 53

Ø N. P. S. T. for Sindura Group 58

Ø Analytical Specification of Sindura (Table) (C.C.R.A.S) 64

Ø Some Classical Kupipakva Rasayana available in the market 65

Ø Researches in Kupipakva – Rasayanas 68

Ø Discussion & Conclusion 75

Ø Bibliography 76