Acadamy of Ayurveda
Life science

BHRINGRAJ

bhringaraja

Contents
 
1. Introduction

     Bhringaraja is known to therapeutics since very early times. Paraskara Grhyasutra, Kesava paddati, Sounakiya atharva, Kousika sutra etc delineate bhringaraja for its cosmetic as well as medicinal value. It is said to be used for switra and palita. It is also used with other drugs like Haridra, Nilika and flowers of Indravaruna. As a hair tonic it is used along with Kakamachi fruit juice externally.

        Though it is not described by brihatrayee in ganas and vargas, it is an important herb in therapeutics. Charak indicated it for raktapitta while vhagbhatta advocated its consumption for one month to have the rasayana effect.

In raja nighantu, the blue variety is claimed to be the best rasayana.

At present its hepatoprotective role is best established and used in hepatitis.

Different varieties          In raja nighantu 3 varieties are mentioned. They are-1. sweatha bhringaraja 2. pita bhringaraja 3. nili bhringaraja

Bapalalji described another variety, raktha bhringaraja which is identified as flaviera rependa.

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                        
                               2. Gana

Dhanvantari nighantu – karaviradi varga

Shodala nighantu- karaviradi varga

Bhavaprakasa nighantu - guduchyadi varga

Raja nighantu- moolakadi varga

Shaligrama nighantu- guduchyadi varga

Adarsa nighantu- sahadevyadi varga

 
 
 

 
 
 
 

3. Synonyms

 

Dhanvantari nighantu :

·        Bhringaraja,

·        Bhekaraja

·        Markava

·        Bhrnga

·        Bhrngaraka

·        Rajamesha

·        Bhrngara

·        Kesaranjana

·        Mahaneela

·        Mahabhrnga

·        Kenya

·        Kesaprabhakara

 
Bhavaprakasha nighantu

·        Bhrngaraja

·        Markava

·        Bhrnga

·        Angaraka

·        Kesaraja

·        Bhragara

·        Kesaranjana

 
Raja nighantu

·        Bhrangava

·        Bhramarachilli

·        Bhramara

 
Kaiyadeva nighantu

·        Pankajatha

·        Bhrangaraja

·        Bhrnghava

·        Kesaranjana

·        Bhrngaraka

·        Bhekaraja

·        Mahaneela

·        Ravipriya

·        Kesaraja

·        Suryavartha

·        Markava

 
Shaligrama nighantu

·        Markava

·        Bhringaraja

·        Bhranghava

·        Kesaranjana

·        Pithrupriya

·        Rangaka

·        Keshya

·        Kunthala vardhana

 
Adarsha nighantu

·        Bhrangaraja

·        Kesaraja

·        Kesaranjana

 
Madanaphala nighantu

·        Bhrangaraja

·        Bhekaraja

·        Markava

·        Kesaranjaka

·        Angaraka

·        Bhrngiraja

·        Bhrngahva

·        Suryavallabha

 

Ayurvedokta oushada niruktamala

·        Kesaranjana

·        Kesaraja

·        Bhrngaraja

·        Markava

 
      4. Regional Names
 
 

Hindi- bhangra

Telugu- guntagalagaruku

Tamil- kayanthakara

Marathi- maka

Gujrathi- bhangaro

Punjabi- bhangra

Bengali- kesuriya

Malayalam- jalabhangara

Reference- jln sastry

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                         5. Types

 
 
 

In raja nighantu, 3 varieties are mentioned. They are

  1. svwta bhrngaraja

  2. pita bhrngaraja

  3. nili bhrngaraja

 

In shaligrama nighantu, 2 varieties are mentioned. They are

  1. peetha bhrngaraja
  2. neeli bhrngaraja
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                    6. Pharmacodynamics
 
 
Name of the book
Rasa
Guna
veerya
vipaka
Dhanvantari nighantu
Tikta
Ruksha
ushna
-
Bhavaprakasa nighantu
Tikta
Tikshna, ruksha
ushna
-
Kaiyadeva nighantu
Katu,tikta
Ruksha
ushna
-
Raja nighantu
Katu,tikta
-
-
-
Nighantu adarsh
Tikta, kashaya
-
ushna
katu
Madanapala nighantu
Katu
Ruksha
ushna
-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Karma
 
Dhanvantari nighantu- kasavridhi, medhavridhi, netrahita, rasayana
 
Shodala nighantu- keshya
 

Bhavaphanturakasha nighantu- kaphavata syamaka, kesya, twachya, dantya, rasayana, balya, deepana, pachana, vatanulomaka, chakushya, twakdosha hara

 
Kaiyadeva nighantu- kaphavata nashaka, dantya, twachya, kesya, rasayana
 

Raja nighantu- jataragni deepaka, ruchivardakam, netrahitakara, kesaranjaka, kapha and visha vinashaka

 
Madanaphala nighantu- kapha vata krit, rasayana, dantya, twachya
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                             8. Indications

 
Dhanvantari nighantu- sopha, ama, kapha, pandu, kushta, kandu
 
Shodala nighantu- svitra, akshiroga
 

Bhavaprakasha nighantu- krimi, kasa, swasa, sodha, ama, pandu, kushta, netraroga, siroroga

 

Kaiyadeva nighantu- netraroga, siroroga, kasa, krimi, swasa, kusta, sodha, amadosha, panduroga

 

Madanaphala nighantu- kusta, netraroga, siroroga

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

9. Therapeutic uses:

 

Charaka samita

 

Raktha pitha : A portion prepared of madhuka madhu in the juice of the stool of horse or the one prepared of the root of yavasa and bhringaraja in the juice of stool of cow should be taken along with rice wash ( ch.ci-4/68 )

Cough : Intake of juice of kasamartha, stool of horse, bhrungaraja, vartaka & black variety of surasa along with honey cures kaphaja type of kasa ( ch.ci-18/117 ).

Greying of hair : One kudava of oil should be cooked by adding one prasta of juice of brungaraja and milk and one pala of yastimadhu. Administration of this medicated oil for inhalation therapy cures graying of hair.( ch.ci-26/264 )

 
Susrutha samitha 
 

In inflammatory swelling caused by nail scratching, juice of brungaraja is useful

     ( su. Ka-8/56)

Oil cooked with 10 times juice of bhrungaraja and used judiciously alleviates dyspnoea and cough ( su.ut-51/30 )

Tagara, kusta and apamarga is anti poisonous formulation for the poisioning by black earth of ant hill pounded with juice of bhrungaraja acts similarly ( su.ka-8/54)

 
Bhaishajya ratnavali
 

Bhrungaraja, thiphala, utpala, mandura churna and seeds of amra, tilataila, water is mixed and oil is prepared this oil cures darunaka roga

kasa and swara bedha: Bhrungaraja, guduchi, vasa, dasamula, kasamardha juice of these with pippali kalka and ghee is prepared

 
Astanga hrudayam 
 

Medicated oil prepared with one prastha each of milk, juice of sahachara, Bhrungaraja and surasa, one kudava of oil, one pala of yesti and preserved in a vessel of stone is useful for nasal medication ( ah.us-24/37 )

10.                         Those who drink the fresh juice of Bhrungaraja for one month and consume milk as food attain a life of hundred years endowed with strength and vigour ( ah.us-34/163 )

11.                         palitha-iron fillings, powder of Bhrungaraja, triphala and black mud kept soaked in sugar cane juice for 1 month applied to head cures premature graying of hair

 
 
 
 
 
Sarangadhara samhita
 

12.                        Iron ore, sariva are made into bolus mixed in oil and juice of Bhrungaraja and boiled to oil consistency this oil alleviates dandruff, untimely graying of hair, pruraities and alopecia

13.                        nnimba beeja are macerated with juice of bhringaraja and decoction of wood of asana tree and this paste is put into sesame oil and cooked well. This oil used as nasal drops in premature graying of hair of men who adhere to rice and milk only as diet.

14.                        taila prepared with juice of bhringaraja, lohitakitta and kalka of triphala and sariva will cure dandruff, akala palita[ premature graying of hair], itching and alopecia.

 
 
 
Chakradatta

15.                        amla pitta- powder of haritaki and bringaraja mixed with old jaggery controls vomiting caused by burning of food due to amlapitta.

16.                        darunaka- triphala, mamsi, bringaraja, sariva and rock salt with paste of these oil is cooked. An ointment with this destroyes darunaka.

17.                        oil cooked with bringaraja juice and paste of triphala, nilotpala, sariva and slag of iron destroys darunaka and makes the hair curled, dense and firm

18.                        ghee cooked with bringaraja juice with peacock bile destroys by snuffing palita in a week

19.                        varaha damstra- haridra and bringaraja in equal quantity pounded together with cold water destroy visarpa and varaha damstra by using as paste

20.                        eye drops with paste of sunthi, bringaraja, haridra and saindhava heated closely is useful in eye diseases particularly kukunaka

21.                        vrana prakshalana- for paccificatin of upadamsa, wound should be washed with decoction of triphala or juice of bringaraja

22.                        patala- oil mixed with powder of sringaveera[sunthi],bringaraja and madhuyasti should be used as stuff. It destroys patala

23.                        lead heated and dipped 7 times each into decoction of pippali, bringaraja and sunthi, honey, ghee, goats milk and cows urine makes the eyes as that of garuda.[by application of collyrium]

24.                        ghee should be cooked with decoction of bringaraja, guduchi, vasaka,dasamoola and kasamardha along with the paste of pippali. Honey should be added when it is cooled. It alleviates swarabheda and kasa

 
 

                10.Important formulations

 Yoga ratnakara
 
bhringaraja yoga
bringaraja tailam
bringarajadi nasyam
 
chakradutta
 
haridradi vati
nagasalakanjana 1
nagasalakanjana 2
sringaveeradi nasya
mahatriphalyadi ghrita
shatbindu taila
triphalyadi taila

10.            bringaraja taila

11.            snuhyadya taila

12.            pathyadi churna

13.            bringaraja ghrita

 
 
 
sahasra yoga
 

14.            bhrangalakadi taila

15.            bhringamalakadi taila

16.            teka raja churna

17.            bhrangarajasava

 
 
nighantu adarsa
 

18.            bringaraja taila

19.            brinrarajasava

 
gada nigraha
 

20.            maha triphala ghrita

21.            brihad bringarajyadi tailam

22.            shat bindu taila

23.            triphaladi ghrita

 
sidda prayoga sangraha
 

24.            bhrangarajasava

25.            bhrangaraja taila

               
 
 
 
 11. Botanical description
 

There seems to be 3 types of bringaraja in the nighantus

 
black
white
yellow
 

white is eclipta alba as its flowers are white. Annual, erect or prostrate, branched often rooting at the nodes. Stem and branches stigrose with appressed white hairs. Leaves sessile 2.5cms- 7.5cms long variable in bredth, usually ablong, lanceolate,base tapering hairs on both sides. Heads 6-8mm diameter solitary or two together on unequal axilary peduncles, involucaral bracts about 8 ovate, obtuse or acute. Ray flowers lingulate spreading, scarsely as long as the bracts, not toothed white disc flowers tubular, the corals often 4 toothed.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12.Chemical composition
 

      Ecliptal, wedelolactone, des- methyl wedelalactone, stigmasterol, hepatocosanole, hentricontanol, sixteen poly acetylenic thiophenes

 
Dose
 

ØFresh juice – 5-10ml      [ jln sastry]

ØSwarasa ½-1 tola

ØBeeja 1-3 masha   [bhavaprakasha nighantu]

 
Part used
 

ØWhole plant

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.Research
 

The alcoholic extracto f plant has been reported to have antiviral activity against ranikhet disease virus.[dhar et al 1968]

Alcoholic extract of eclipta alba [50mg/kg/day for 7 days] was studied for its protective effect against toxic hepatic injury in rats. The na+ k+ atpase activity was altered by carbon tetra chloride, paracetmol and aflatoxin induced hepatic injury. The restoration of na+k+ atpase activity to normal suggests the use of the plants against hepatic injury   [mogre et al 1981]

In a pilot study, eclipta alba inactivated HBs ag invitro   [thyagarajan et al 1982]

The carbon tetra chloride induced hepato toxicity in rats was countered by eclipta alba in addition to its inflammatory activity     [Chandra et al 1987]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                             14.Bibliography

 
Sl no
Name of the book
Author
Published by
place
year
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Dravya guna vignana
Jln sastry        
Chaukamba orientalia
varanasi
2005
2.
Dhanvanri nighantu
P v Sharma
chaukamba orientalia
Varanasi
2002
3.
Shodala nighantu
Shodala
Oriental institute
Baroda
1978
4.
Raja nighantu
Pandit narahari
Krishnadas academy
Varanasi
1982
5.
Bhavaprakasa nighantu
Bhavamishra
Chaukamba bharati academy
Varanasi
1995
6.
Shaligrama nighantu
Shaligrama
Khamraj sri krishnadas
Bombay
1993
7.
Kaiyadeva nighantu
P v Sharma
Chaukamba orientalia
Varanasi
1979
8.
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Bapalal g. vaidya

Chaukamba bharati academy

Varanasi
1985
9.

Madanaphala nighantu

Pandit ramprasad

Kamraj sri krishnadas

Bombay
1990
10.

Ayurvedokta aushada niruktamala

J l n sastry

Chaukamba orientalia

Varanasi
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11.

Charaka samhita

R k bhagwan das

Chaukamba sanskrit series

Varanasi
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12.
Susruta samhita
P v Sharma
Chaukamba vishwabarati
Varanasi
1999
13.
Astanga hridaya
K r srikanta murty
Chaukamba krishnadas academy
Varanasi
2002
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Bhaishajya ratnavali
Ambika datta sastry
Chaukamba Sanskrit samstha
varanasi
-
15.
chakradatta
P v Sharma
Chaukamba orientalia
varanasi
1994
16.
Sarangadhara samhita
P h c murty
Chaukamba orientalia
Varanasi
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17.
Sarangadhara samhita
K srikanta murty
Chaukamba orientalia
varanasi
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Yoga ratnakara
Nirmal saxena
Chaukamba orientalia
varanasi
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Sahasra yoga
Koteshwara sastry
Ayurveda parishat
vijayawada
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20.
Gada nigraha
Sri indradev tripati
Chaukamba Sanskrit samstan
varnasi
2003
   
 
                                                                                                                    
compiled by
                                                CHAITANYA.S

                                                      3RD BAMS

 
 

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