TRIVRT

 

      CONTENTS:

15.BIBLIOGRAPHY                     :118

18.i.m.m      :indian meteria medica

19.i.m.p.b.o.p :indian medicinal plants by orient     longman

20.ph.o.i.d        :pharmacognacy of indigenous drugs

21.ph.gr.in      :paramacographica india

22.s.c.d.i.i.m    :some contraversial drugs in indian medicine

 OPERCULINA Turpethum                  

Botanical Name : OPERCULINA TURPETHUM Family Name : CONVOLVULACEAE Common Name : INDIAN JALAP, TURPETH, ST. THOMAS LIDPOD  Part Used : Roots Habitat : Throughout India upto 900 m, cultivated occasionally. Uses : It also has anthelmintic expectorant, antipyretic, anti- Inflammatory and purgative properties.  It is one of the plants mentioned in the literature having claims of activity against liver disorders. Parts Offered : Turpeth roots  Habitat                 It grows throughout India up to an altitude of 900 m.   Morphology Description (Habit) A large perennial twiner with milky juice and fleshy branched. The leaves are very variable in shape; the flowers are tubular-campanulate, white, in few flowered cymes; the capsules Globose with 4 or less, dull black, glabrous seeds.  Principal Constituents A glycosidic resin.   Toxicology The LD50 of the ethanolic extract was >1000mg/kg i.p. in mice3.   Pharmacology Alcoholic extracts of the fresh fruits of O.turpethum showed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus pyogenes var. aurus and E. coli1. The ethanolic, aqueous and ethereal extracts of O.turpethum roots showed anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenin induced rat paw edema as well as cotton pellet induced granuloma and formalin-induced arthritis in rats. The aqueous extract was found to be the most potent fraction against all the three models of experimental inflammation2.   Indications The drug is used as a purgative.   References 1.           Wealth of India, 1966, Raw materials, Vol. VII, 96-97. 2.           Khare, A.K., Srivastava, M.C., Tewari, J.P., Puri, J.N., Singh, S. and Ansari, N.A. 1982. A preliminary study of anti-inflammatory activity of Ipomoea turpethum (Nisoth). Ind. Drugs, 19, 224. 3.           Aswal, B.S., Bhakuni, D.S., Goel, A.K., Kar, K. and Mehrotra, B.N. 1984. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity.            4. Development-inhibiting activity of some tropical plants against     Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) M. A. Haque1, H. Nakakita, , H. Ikenaga and N. Sota National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Accepted 19 October 1999. Available online 6 April 2000.                          Operculina turpethum silva is used medically in the Pilliphineislands.          Itsroot&rhizome areoffical in france&Spain, its root in Portugal.          Pernial with milky juice;root long slender,fleshy much branched;         stems very long,twinged andmuch twisted together angled&winged         pubescent,touch&broun when old.Leaves 5-10 by 1.3-7cm ovate/         obling,rarely slightly lobulate,subacute,mucronate, more/less          pubescent on both sidesespesially when young,minutely articulately          veined,base cordate/truncate petiole –s 2.5cm long,pubescent          cymes few flowered;penduncles stout, pubescent;slightly thickend ed upwards,outer sepalsupto 2.2cm long in flowermuch enlarged in  fruit,broadly ovate or suborbicu -lar,obtuse,mucronate,concave  pubescent,the 3inner sepals small –er scarcely 2cm long very  thinly membranous,glabrous,apiculate corallawhite,3.8-5cm long, subcampanulate,anters nearly 8mm long,narrowly oblang cordate  capsules13.8mm diameter globose encosed in theenlarged brittlevery inbricate sepalsglabrous or fainly pubesce.                                              DISTRIBUTION: Through out India sometimes cultivated caylon-Malayislands tropicalamerica,Mauritus,Phillppines,tropical Africa,astralia. The root is bitter,sweet withasharp taste,heting anthelminti- c,purgative,antipyretic,alexiteric,useful in ascites, leucoderma ,  itch,ulcers,constipation,abdominal troubles,inflammation,anaem– ia,fevers,biliousness,piles,erysipelas,tumours,jaundice,constupat ion,opthalmia,bites frominsects good in diseases of the liver,the hearts,eye causes`vata`-the black varity is a powerfull drastic useful  in loss of consciousness burning sensation,intoxication-the white  varityis a moderately mild cathartic,useful in bilious fevers,inflamm ations&diseases of the abdomen-the red varity is sweetish acrid; useful inkapha. The root is bitter,purgative,bechic,expectorant,useful in bilious  –ess,tremors of the body,diseases of the brain,paralysis,pains in the muscles,bronchitis,pains in the joints and in the chest remov -es bad humorus-the black varity should not be used. In WestanIndia,the flowers are applied to the hand in hemicrani  –as.The turpeth root,notably the white varity of it is quite eqal to jalap&superior to rhubarb in itsaction&preferable to both for being  avery efficient&satisfactory purgative when used alone.It does is  some what larger thanthat of jalap,but this is no disadvan –tage as long asit is safe&freefrom nauseous taste&smell. The dose is large only by 10/15grains as a cthartc&laxative. The best way of admistering it is in simple power,but it may also be  employed in combination with cream of tartar ineqal proporti -on&   with/wirhout a few grains of ginger in each drachm of the  compoundpower. The dose of the simple power is from 50-70grains of the compou –nd power froma drachm to 90grains. About two scruples of the root are rubbed into a pulp with water & taken with the addition of rocksalt&ginger or sugar& blackpapp er . In Ceylon the tuberous roots are used as a purgative&considered a good substitute for jalap. There are 2varities of the root-the black&white-the black is a power ful irritant&drastic&should be avoided.The white varity used used by Indian physicians is a moderate/mild cathartic1 have used it as a mild hydragogue in the hospital in acute constu -pation of fevers, cronic canstupation in asciteswith cirrhosis of liver purgativewas  considered necessary. The simple power in 40-60 grains may be administered to produce the desired effect. In its action it is as efficacious if not better than jalap. The root is prescribed in the treatment of snake bite (charaka , susruta, vrindamadhava, robots) and scorpion –sting  but it is not an antidote to either snake venom (mahaskar&cairs) or scorpion venom (caius& mahaskar). A preliminary chemical examination of the rhizome was carried out  by janakiram . Ipomoea means worm-like, referring to the peculiar, twisted nature  of the root system.  Jalap is a centuries-old purgative and vermifuge used by the  Mexicans, who then taught the Spanish colonizers how to use the  herb.

 It was introduced into Europe in 1565 and used for all types of       illnesses until the 19th century.

 Because it is considered a good remedy for kidney problems,                      the plant is also widely-known as riñona from the Spanish word for kidneys, riñones. The Spanish name of Michoacán was given because that was the place where it was first found in the "New World" by Spanish invaders. Also known as Jalapa, the plant was named for the city in the state of Vera Cruz.

In the 16th century book, Joyfulle Newes Out of the Newe Founde Worlde, the physician-author, tells of a friar who fell gravely ill shortly after the conquest of the Aztecs. The local Aztec lord, who had befriended the friar, brought his personal physician to see the friar who, thinking he had nothing left to lose, decided to try the Aztec doctor's remedy. The friar pu

rged so much that he started to get better, and the good news passed up the grapevine to counterparts in Spain. This "miracle cure" was soon embraced, and the root was renamed Rhubarb of the Indias, replacing the Rhubarb of Barbary as the favoured purging agent of the day. The root eventually became so popular that it was exported to Europe in great quantities and sold at such premium prices that fortunes were made in the purging business. The Pawnees burned the enormous, human-sized roots of the Bush Morning Glory as a smoke treatment for nervousness and bad dreams. They also pulverized the dried root and dusted it on the body to alleviate pain or to revive a person who had fainted. The Lakota scraped off a portion of the root and ate it raw for stomach trouble.

In the days before matches, Great Plains tribes would start a fire in a portion of the dried root and let it smolder for later use as a fire-starter.

The root was also used as an emergency food by the Pawnee, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Kiowa.US Pharmacopoeia from 1820 to 1864 as a cathartic.

Turpeth

·                     Description

·                     Constituents

·                     Medicinal Action and Uses

·                     Dosage

Synonyms:Turpeth root. Indian Jalap. Trivrit. Nisoth. Operculina Turpethum.
---Parts Used---Dried root, stem.
---Habitat---India. Ceylon, Pacific Islands, China, Australia.

---Description---There are two varieties of this convolvulaceous plant, the Sveta, or White Turpeth, preferred as a mild cathartic, and the black or Kirshna, a powerful drastic. The pieces of root are cylindrical, somewhat twisted, and dull grey outside. The drug has a faint odour, and the taste becomes nauseous after it has been in the mouth for some time, though less so than the true jalap. The genus Ipomoea are closely related to the Batatas.

1.rakta   (NARAHARI)

2.krisna   (BH.NI)

2.sweta   (RAJAVALLABHA)

2.syama    (KA.NI)

1.syama    2.aruna   (CH.KA)

            Família: Convolvulaceae.
Algumas Espécies do Gênero:
Operculina Silva Manso, 1836

Operculina aegyptia (L.) House, 1906
Operculina alata (Ham.) Urb., 1902
Operculina alata var. pubescens (Pilg.) O'Donell, 1981
Operculina alatipes (Hook. f.) House, 1906
Operculina altissima (Mart. ex Choisy) Meisn., 1869
Operculina ampliata (Choisy) House, 1906
Operculina angustiloba House, 1906
Operculina aurea (Kellogg) House, 1909
Operculina bufalina Hall. f.
Operculina codonantha (Benth.) Hallier f., 1893
Operculina convolvulus Silva Manso, 1836
Operculina discoidesperma (Donn. Sm.) House, 1909
Operculina dissecta (Jacq.) House, 1906
Operculina grandiflora (Jacq.) House, 1909
Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D.F. Austin & Staples, 1983
Operculina hamiltonii var. mucronata D.F. Austin & Staples, 1983
Operculina hirsuta Standl., 1924
Operculina kentrocaulos (C. B. Clarke) Hallier f.
Operculina lancifolia House, 1909
Operculina macrocarpa (Linn) Urb., 1902
Operculina opectinata House, 1909
Operculina ornithopoda (B.L. Rob.) House, 1907
Operculina ornithopoda var. megacarpa (Brandegee) Rob., 1916
Operculina palmeri (S. Watson) House, 1906
Operculina passifloroides (Benth. ex Meisn.) Ducke, 1932
Operculina pectinata House, 1909
Operculina pentaphylla (L.) House, 1906
Operculina petaloidea Ooststr.
Operculina petaloidea var. pauciflora (C.B. Clarke) Parmar, 1994
Operculina pinnatifida (Kunth) O'Donell, 1950
Operculina platyphylla (Fernald) House, 1906

Operculina populifolia Hallier f., 1892
Operculina populifolia Hallier f. ex Urb., 1912
Operculina pteripes (G. Don) O'Donell, 1950
Operculina pterodes (Choisy) Meisn., 1869
Operculina pterodes fo. pubescens Pilg., 1901
Operculina pteropus Meisn., 1869
Operculina rhodocalyx (A. Gray) House, 1906
Operculina roseana House, 1906
Operculina rubicunda House, 1906
Operculina sericantha (Miq.) Ooststr., 1932
Operculina surinamensis Meisn., 1869
Operculina triquetra (Vahl) Hallier f., 1894
Operculina triquetra (Vahl) J.F. Macbr., 1959
Operculina tuberosa (L.) Meisn., 1869
Operculina turpethum (L.) J. Silva Manso, 1836
Operculina turpethum var. heterophylla Hallier f.
Operculina turpethum var. turpethum
Operculina turpethum var. ventricosa (Bertero) Staples & D.F. Austin, 1981
Operculina violaceae (Aubl.) Barb. Rodr., 1887[1891]

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·         Classically there are two kinds of trivrt viz aruna&syama. Arunabhatrivrt is considered best&ideal laxative drug in comparison tosyama.In practice also two kinds of trivrt are available.eg:black&white.

·         White nishoth is barkless root&stems of murva or marsdenia tena-cissima which has no purgative activity.

1.guduchyadi varga (DH.NI)

2.guduchyadi varga (BH.PR)

3.pippilyadi varga (RA.NI)

4.syamadi gana (CH.DA)

6.syamadi gana(Susruta)

7.bhedaniya&syamadi gana(Dr.Nishteswar)

5.ardha Chandra

Rakta trivrt:

1.rakta trivrt

4.tamra puspica

8.kakanasica          (Ra.ni-167)

Syama trivrt:

1.masura vidala

3.kala meshi

8.tamra puspa

9.ardha Chandra

10.kosha phala

Syma trivrt:

2.masura vidhala

5.ardha Chandra

12.tamra puspica

14.marad vega

Aruna trivrt:

4.sarvanu bhuthi

7.kothara vahini

11.ckora nasica         (Sh.ni.150-152)

Sweta trivrt:

3.Masura vidhala

5.ardha Chandra

1.triputa-three angled.

1.trivrt(three angles)

2.sarvanu bhuti(all are taken)

3.sarala(contain soumya guna)

4.recani(causes recana)

5.tribhandhi(eliminate three dosas)

VERNECULAR NAMES

VERNECULAR NAMES:

1.kala nishodh

2.syama nisodh (Hindi)

3.syama tepuni (Bengali)

4.ala tegada (Telugu)    

2.saphedh nishodh    

2.pith hari(Hindi)

5.dhudh kalami(Marathi)

7.tella tegada(Tegada)

8.bile nagadanti

13.tigadike putigadha(Canarese)

15.false jalap

16.Indian jalap

17.Indian rhubard

18.turpeth root

20.turbith des officines

21.turbith vegetal(French)

39.turbud (Panjab)

40.ardha Chandra

47.laghu rocaci

70.turbit de la India(Spanish)

80.etta tegada

81.nalla tegada

83.tella tegada    (Telugu)

85.dudho roma    (Uriya)                                                                                                                         [In.me.me.1730]

RASA PANCHAKAM

RASA PANCAKAM:

                                       I.      RASA   :madhura

                                     II.      RASA     :tikta,katu

Vipaka     :katu      (RA.NI)

                                   III.      RASA      :katu

                                   IV.      RASA      :Katu,tikta,kasaya,madhura

VIPAKA :katu      (KA.NI)

                                     V.      RASA   :Tikta,katu

NIGHANTU         RASA         GUNA         VIRYA         VIPAKA

Bhava prakasha	Madhura	Ruksa	Ustna	---------
Raja nighantu	Tikta Katu	--------	Ustna	---------
Dhanvantari nighantu	Katu	--------	Ustna	---------
Sodala nighantu	-------	--------	---------	--------
Kayyadevara nighantu	Katu Tikta Madhura Kasaya	Tistna Tevra- virecana Ruksa	Ustna	Katu
Dr.Nisteswar	Tikta Katu	Laghu Ruksa Tistna	ustna	Katu
Dr,gyanendra pandey	Tikta Katu	---------	---------	--------

1.Krimi roga

2.kapha janya roga

3.udara vikara         (RA.NI)

5.udara roga

9.kanta utkarsana

3.sukha virecaka          [BH.PR]

1.sukha virecana

1.kapha pitta hara

1.sannipata jvara

2.urdhavaga rakta pitta

27.urinary disorders

4.intrinsic haemorrhage

                                 14.constupation

2.abdominal tumours

3.heart diseases

10.diseases of spleen

11.remittant fever

14.viscika poisoning(AH.UT)

21.greying of hairs   (SA.DH)

9.ulcers           (BH.PR)

Kundala roga

Vata gulmam

     10.Unmada

     11.Apasmara

     12.Santana

     13.Gnapakam

     15.Swaram

     16.Sarva udara

Antra vruddhi

Sandhi vata

Agni mandya

Mala bhandha

Kati graham

17.Prameha           (YO.RA.2)

5.kapha roga        (RA.NI)

1.mula vyadhi

4.agni mandya

5.astira vata

7.vata kappa janya sula

9.kumbha kamila

19.pettu mandhu

25.graha badha

26.khanja roga

27.manya stambha

28.hanu stambha

29.griva stambha

32.siro roga

36.kara stambha

37.yoni sula

                                   1.vibhandha

15.ati stoulya     (GY.PA)

6.arsas              (Dr.NISHTESWAR)

AMAYIKA PRAYOGA

·         A Recipesof trivrt to be taken along with sour liquid:

·         One aksa of the pinda(paste in a round bolus form)of either of the two varities of trivrt should be mixed with sour drinks&taken by a persion.

·         Similarly,the urine of cowsheep,goat/bbuffalo,venigar,tusodaka(a sour drink prepared of pulses)prasanna(a type of wine)/the decoction of triphala should be separately used to take this paste of trivrt.(CA.KA.7^TH/12-13)

·         Recipes of trivrt in power form:

·         Two parts of the powder of the root of trivrt should be mixed with the powder of one part of either of the 12 drugs viz 1.saindhava 2.sauvarcala 3.kala 4.vida 5.paleya 6.anupa 7.kupya 8.valukaja 9.maulaka 10.samudra 11.romaka 12.audbhida-these recipes should be taken along with the power of nagara.(14)

·         Recipes of trivrt to be taken along with the cow`s urine:

·         One part of the powder of the root of trivrt should beaded with half part of the powder of either 1.pippali 2.pippali mula 3.marica 4.gaja pippali 5.sarala 6.kilima 7.hingu 8.bhargi 9.tejovati 10.musta 11.himavati 12.pathya 13.citraka 14.rajani 15.vaca 16.svarna ksiri 17.ajamoda 18.srngaveri-each one of these should taken with cow`s urine for purgation(15-17)

·         Recipe of trirt added with madhuka:

·         One part of the powder of trivrt should be added with half part of the powder of the madhuka,this should be taken with sugar, water for purgation(17)

·         Recipes of trivrt prepared along with jivaka:

·         The powder of trivrt should be takenalong with the powder of either 1.jivaka2.rasabhaka 3.meda 4.sravani 5.karkata srngi 6.kakoli 7.ksira kakoli 8.indra 9.chinnaruha 10.ksira sukta/ ksiravidari 11.payasya/arkapuspi-similarly the powderof trivrtshould taken along with the powder of yastyahva.

·         The above mentioned recipes are are useful for diseases caused by kapha7vayu(19-20)

·         Recipes of trivrt to be taken along with milk:

·         Onepart of the powder of trivrt&half part of the powder of                                                   

haritaki may be taken along with either1.milk 2.meat soup

3.juiceof sugarcane 4.decoction of kasmarya5.grape juice 6.juice of pilu/ghee(29-21).

·         Recipe of trivrt in the form of linctus-1:

·         The powder of trivrt should be added with honey and ghee.In take of this linctus along with sitopala causes purgation(21)

·         Linctus-2:

·         With the decoction and paste of the black varity of trivrt root a linctus should be prepared according to the prescribed procedure by adding sugar,one panital(12g)of this linctus should be taken.(23-24)

·         Linctus-3:

·         The powder of ajagandha,tugaksira,vidari,sugar&trivrt should be added with honey aswell as ghee.In take of this linctuses is useful as a mild purgative for the patient suffering from sannipatika jvara,stambhana,daha&trsna(22-23)

·         Linctus-4:

·         Sugar should be boiled with honey in a new earthen pot after it is cooked&cooled the powder of trivrt along with tvak,patra& marica should be added.This linctus should be taken in appropriate does which is useful as purgative for persons belonging to aristocratic class(24-25).

·         Linctus-5:

·         One kudava of the juice of each of sugarcane,grape,pilu& parusa -ra,one pala ofsitopala and half kudava of honey should be cooked.After it is cooked,the powder of trivrt should be added by the physician well versed in scriptures.this is a good purgative for aristocratic persons having excessively aggravated pitta(26-27)

·         Recipes prepared withsugar:

·         Following the above mentioned procedure should be prepared in the form of sarkara-modaka(sweet meat prepared with sugar). Sarkara,varti(rools made of sugar)&sarkara,gulika&sarkara ,mamsa,pupaka(pan cake of sugarprepared with meat)Thes recipes are to be used as purgatives by people suffering from dideases caused by pitta.(28)

·         Linctus-6:

·         The powder of trivrt should be added with the powders of pippali, nagara,ksara&syama trivrt-to this honey should be added&it should be given in the form of linctus for purgation to patients suffering from diseases caused by kapha(29)

·         Linctus-7:

·         The juice of matulunga,abhya,dhatri,sriparni,kola&dadima should be well sazzied&cooked in oil by adding the pulp of sahakara kapitta&sour fruit when it becomes thick the powder of theroots along with the powders of tvak,patra,kesara&ela should be added.To this honey should be added and made to a linctus in appropriate dose is useful as purgative for aristocratic persons having aggravated kapha(30-32).

·         Recipes trivrt in the form of panaka(syrap):

·         Following the above mentioned procedure the recipes should be prepared in the form of 1.panaka2.rasa 3.yusa 4.modaka 5.roga sadava.These recipes are to be administered for purgation to a person having aggravated kapha(33)

·         Recipes of trivrt in the form of tarpana(demulcent drink):

·         A tarpana should be prepred from thepowder of one part of bhrnga,one part of ela two two parts of nili,3 parts trivrt and 7parts of sugar by adding the juice of dadima honey and roasted corn flour.This is an innocuous purgative for patients suffering from diseases caused by vayu,pitta&kapha for persons who have delicate constitution.(34-35)

·         Recipes of trivrt in the form of modaka:

·         A modaka should be preparedof sugar,haritaki,vibhitaki, amalaki,black variety of trivrt,pippali& honey.In take off this cures sannipata,urdhvaga-rakta-pitta&fever.

·         Recipe of trivrt in the form of linctus-8:

·         Three sanas of the powder of trivrt should be added with one sana of the powders each of haritaki pulp,vibhitaki pulp,amaliki –pulp,vidanga,pippli and ksara.This powder should be added with ghee and honey&made to a linctus a modaka with jagary.This is an excellent purgative and it does not require any diteric prohibit -ions.In takeof this cures gulma,plihodara,svasa,halimaka,aroca –

ka and such other diseases caused by the aggravation of kapha& vayu(37-39).

·         Kalyanaka guda(modaka-2):

·         One karsa each of vidanga,pippalimula,haritaki,vibhitaki,amalaki, dhanyaka,citrka,marica,indrayava,ajaji,pippali,hasti,gaja pippali, saindhavalavana,samudralavana,vid lavana,sauvarcala lavana, audbhlda lavana&ajamoda should be made to powders separate –ly and mixed together.To this powder 8 palas each of sesame oil&powder trivrt should be added.by adding 3 prastas of the juice of amalaki&half tulaof jaggry.The recipe should be cooked over mild fire from out of this paste,pills of the size of badara/udumba –ra should made out.While taking this recipe there is no restrction of food and regimen.In take of this cures mandagni,jvara, mrccha,mutra- krcchra,arocaka,asvapana.It is usefull in all seasons(40-45).

·         Recipe of trivrt in the form of modaka-3:

·         One part each of sunthi,pippali,marica,tvak,patra,musta,ela, vidanga,amalaki,and haritaki two parts of mukulaka 8 parts of trivrt&6 parts of sugar should be made to powder.To this honey should be added and large size pills/gudika measuring one pala each should be prepared.One such pills should be taken in the morning after rising form the bed.There after cold water should be taken,it is an excellent recipe for purgation and it should be administered by an expert.It is useful for all types of poisoning and all types of urinary diseases,while taking this recipes no dietetic restriction is necessary(46-50)

·         Modaka-4:

·         One pala of the powders of trivrt should be added with two prastas of the powder of pathya dhatri&urubuka.From out of this paste ten large size pills should be prepared.In take of this pills helps in the purgation of aristocratic persons(50-51).

·         Modaka-5:

·         One karsa of the powder each oftrivrt,haimavati,syama,nilini,               

Hasti,pippali,pippali mula,ajamoda&duralabha one pala of the powder of nagara and 20 palas of guda should be mixed together .From out of this paste modakas of the size of udumbara should be sprinkled with the powder of hingu,sauvarcala,sunthi,pippali,

marica,yavani,bida,jiraka,vaca,ajagandha,haritaki,vibhitaki,amal-aki,cavya,citraka,dhanyaka,tumburu,&dadima-These modakas are very useful for patitents suffering from pain in trica,vank -sana,hrt,basti,kosta,arsas,plihodara, hicca,kasa,aruc,svasa& kaphaja,udavarta(51-55).

·         Recipe of trivrt useful in rainy season:

·         The powder of trivrt,seeds of kutaja,pippali,visva bhesaja should be mixed with honey&grape juice.This purgative recipe is useful in rainy season(56).

·         Recipe of trivrt usefull in autumn:

·         The powder of trivrt,duralabha,musta,sugar,udicya, candana, yastimadhu,satala should be taken along with grape juice.It is usefull in autumn(57).

·         Recipe of trivrt for winter:

·         The paste of trivrt,citraka,patra,ajaji,sarala,vaca,svarna ksiri should be taken along with hotwater.This recipe is usefull for purgation in winter season(58)

·         Recipes of trivrt for summer season:

·         The recipe containing sugar&eqal quantity of trivrt is useful for purgation during the summer season(59)

·         For all seasons-1:

·         Trivrt,trasanti,hapusa,satala,katu rohini,svarna kshiri should be made to powder&impregnated with cow`s urine for 3days.This recipe for purgation is usefull in all the seasons.It helps in eliminating morbid matter from the body of pesions with unctuous ness(59-60)

·         For all seasons-2:

·         Trivrt,syama,duralabha,vastaka,hasti pippali,nilini,haritaki, vibhitaki,amalaki,musta&katuka should be made to a fine powder One panitala of this recipe should betaken along with ghee,meat soup&hot water.This is an excellent recipe for purgation&is usefull forpersions who are ununctuous(61-62)

·         Recipe of trivrt in the form of powder:

·         One karsa eachof sunthi,pippali,marica,haritaki,vibhitaki,amalaki and hingu one pala of trivrt,half karsa ofsauvrcala&half pala of amlavetasa should be made to powder.To this eqal quatity of

sugar should be given rice with meat soup to eat.It is an effective recipe for purgation to cure gulma&parsvarti(63-64)

·         Recipe of trivrt inthe form of tarpana:

·         Trivrt,haritaki,vibhitaki,amalaki,danti,saptala,sunthi,pippali.marica,saindhava should be made to powder&impregnated with the juiceof amalaki for 7 days.This powder should be added to tarpana,yusa,pista/meat&raga(65-66)

·         In the form of medicated ghee&milk:

·         Ghee should be boiled with eqal quantity of sour,juice&paste of trivrt.This medicated ghee cure gulma.

·         The root of syama&trivrt should be cooked with water by adding amalaki with this decoction,ghee should be cooked with the decoction of syama&trivrt ghee should be cooked.

·         Milk should be boiled withsyama&trivrtmay similarly be used as a comfortable purgative(66-68)

·         In the form of alcoholic drink:

·         Eight first fuls of trivrt should be cooked in one drone of water till ¼ of the liquid remains.The decoction should taken be strained out&added with one tula of jaggry,oney,pippali,madanaphala& citraka.This should be kept in a unctuous jar the inside wall of which is smeared with honey for one month.When well fermented – it should be taken in appropriate dose which cures grahani, pandu.The wine made out of the decoction of trivrt by adding it`s yeast may also be used for purgation(69-71)

·         In the form of kanji:

·         Barley should be steam boiled with the decoction of syama& trivra. This steam boiled barley should be added with water&made to ferment for 6 days in a vessel covered with aheap of grains.This sauviraka thus prepared should be used for purgation.

·         Afternatively the unhusked&clean grains of barley should be added along with water&made to ferment in the above mentioned manner.When fermented this tusodaka should be used for purgation(72-73)

·         In the form of badara:

·         With the help of the powder of trivrt 10 different recipes in the form of 1.badara sadava 2.raga 3.leha 4.modaka 5.utkarika

·         6.tarpana 7.panaka 8.mamsarasa 9.yusa 10.madya should be prepared&used for purgation(74)

·         Recapitulation:

·         Purgative recipes should be administrated along with tvak, kesara,amrataka,dadima,ela,sitopala,honey,matulunga,wine&sour drinks which are pleasing to the patient.

·         Prevent the tendency for vomting after the intake of purgative recipe,the face of the patient should be spinkled with cold water &he should be asked to inhale the smell of the earth,flowers, fruits,tender leaves,sour ingredients the aroma of which is pleasing to his heart(ch.ka.75-76)

·         Purgation therapy:

·         One karsa of the powder of trivrt well impregnated with the milky latex of sudha should be given to this patient by mixing with honey and ghee for proper purgation (ca.ch.5^th-153)

·         Treatment of pittodara:

·         Milk boiled with the paste of trivrt&caster seed.If udara roga is caused by pitta&vayu then for the purpose of purgation,tikaka rhrta and with trivrt should be administered(ca.ch.13^th/69)

·         Tryusanadi curna:

·         The patient of files should be given with powder of trivrt along with the juice/decoction of triphala(ca.ch.14^th/66)

·         Piles:

·         Leaves of trivrt,danti,palasa,cangeri&citrka should be fired with ghee&oil.This should be given along with curd.(ca.ch.14^th/22)

·         Visarpa:

·         The powder of trivrtshould be boiled by adding ghee/milk and administered along with warmwater/the juiceof mrdvika for purgation.This is a reputed recipe for the cure of visarpa.

·         The decoction of triphala should be added with gee&trivrt and given for purgation to the patient of visarpa associated with fever.(ca.ch.21th/64-65)

·         Decoctions for vishama jwara :

·         Decoction prepared with triphala,trayamana,mrdvika&katu rohini taken along with trivrt&sarkara cures jvara caused by the aggravation of pitta and slesma(ca.ch.3th/209)

·         Jvara:

·         A linctus prepared of trivrt mixed with ghee&honey.

·         Trivrt and trayamana along with milk.(ca.ch.3/231-232)

·          Purgation therapy:

·         The paste of trivrt/abhya mixed with the decoction/triphala/honey

·         The patient suffering from kamala may also take trivrt along with the decoction of triphala(ca.ch.16^th/60)

The big root of trivrt free from defects&impregnated with juice of purgative drugs should be powdered&mixed with rocksalt & sunthi.This should be taken with sours by one suffering from vata disorders.

Pitta disorders(SU.SU.44)

Root of trivrt should be taken with products of sugarcane&sweet juices along with milk in disorders of pitta.

Kapha disorders(SU.SU.44)

 That should be taken withdecoction of guduci,nimba&triphala urine in disorders of kapha.

·         One should be taken trvrt root mixedwith trijataka&trikatu along with old jaggary.

·         In 640ml decoction of trivrt root paste of the root 160mg along with rock salt&sunthi each 10gm should be mixed&cooked till it becomes paste                                                                                                                                                                                               

·         The paste of trivrt root mixed with 1/2qantity&sunthi&added with rocksalt should be taken with cow`s urine.                                           

·         The formulations are used in vata&kapha:

Trivrt,sunthu&haritaki in eqal parts fully ripe fruits of puga , vidanga seeds,marica&devadaru each in half part mixed with saindhava&cow`s urine.

·         hAfter vertically bifurcating sugarcane the paste of trivrt is applied on the inner surface&thenjoining the two parts isbound with rope.Then it is cooked with the method of putapaka&taken when cooked,it is useful indisorders of pitta

·         Fever:

·         Sarkara ,ajagandha,vamsalochana,vidari,trivrt-all in eqal parts-should be taken with honey&ghee to alleviate thirst burning sensation&fever.

PARGATIVES:

powder of trivrt mixed with sugar and honey added with twak, patra,& marica in ¼ part is purgative.

·         Linctus shoukd be prepared by coocking athe powder of trivrt Along with sugar 40gms and honey 160gms then coocked , it is taken It is pitta alleviating purgative.

One should taken trivrt,syama,yavaksara,sunthi&pippali mixed with honey.This is excellent purgative for all disorders of kapha.

·         Decoction of fully ripe haritaki,kasmarya,amalaki,dadima,kolais friedwith castor oil added with sour fruit&coocked.When thickened it is added with trijata,trivrt&honey.This linctusmaybe used purgative bydelicate persion with predominance of kapha.

·         Nili,tvak,ela-each one part trivrt 3parts mixed with sugarcandy-this power taken with honey&sour fruitjuice is satiatingand alleviatives sannipata.

·         Trivrt,syama&honey-all in eqal parts are made into boluses.these alleviate sannipataja upward intrinsic haemorrhage and fever.

·         Trivrt 3parts,triphala eqal there to yavakasara,pippli&vidanga-all are powdered&takenwith honey&gheeaslinctus;or pills may be prepared with jaggry&taken.It alleviates gulma caused bykapha& vata splenomegaly,halimicka&other such disorders.Thisis a purgativefree eromcompications.

·         Samatrivrt,nili,katuka,musta,dwalabha,cavya,indrayava&triphala-this powder should be takenwithghee,meatjuice&coater.This pergativeis useful also for the roughenedpersions.

·         Roots of trivrt,the first group(vidarigandadi)mahatoancamula, murvasarngasta&also of snuhi,haimavati,triphala,ativisa7vata-these are taken&divededinto two parts out of witchone is decoted out of witch one is decoted and the other is powered;now crushed barley grains are impregnated with the

Above power are put in a jar&mixed with their colddecoction& fermented properly. This is knownas sauviraka.

·         Twenty haritaki fruits danti&citraka each 40gms pippali&trivrt each 10gms-all togher shouldbe mixed with jaggary 320gms and made into ten boluses to be taken one on every tenthy day.During the period the patient should use hot water withnoother restrictins.These dosas&alleviate grahani, pandu ----      roga,piles&kustha.

·         Trivrdastaka:

Trikatu,trijataka,musta,vidanga&amalaka-these 9 drugsin eqal parts,trivrt 8 times&danti 2parts-they all shouls be powered finely&mixed together.This should be mixd further with sugar 6parts&small qantityofrocksalt&honey&made into a lamp.It shouldbe taken with cold water.This purgative formulation known as trivrdastakais commeneable for those suffering from pitta&needsno restrictions.It counter acts alltypes of poison& alleviates pain in urinary bladder,thirst,fevfr,vomting, consum -ption,panduroga&giddiness.It should be takenwith milk in case of disorders of pitta&kapha.

·         Formulations of fruits:

Haritaki,vidanga,saindava,sunthi,trivrt&marica-all this taken with cow`surineis purgative.                                                                         

·         Saptala,sankini,danti,trivrt&aragvada-these should be impregna –ted withcow`surinefor a week &thenwith sunthilatex.Garment spinkled with the same power byinhaling/wearing induces purge –tion in thosewith soft bowels.

·         Trivrt3sana(7.5g),triphala pulp 3sana, vidanga,pippali7yavaksara 3sana-these should be powered &taken with ghee&honey or in

·         the form of bolus preparied with jagarry.This is excellent

·         purgative with out any restriction.            (SU.SU.44th)

·         Ajita bite(SU.KA.7^TH/21)

By the bite of ajita body becomes blacks along with vomting, fainting&cardiac pain.In this case trivrt pounded withlatex of snuhi&manjista should be licked with honey.

               For those suffering from kamala trivrt with sugar,indrvaruni                                                            Jaggary and sunthi with jaggary are benfitial.

After considering the strength/otherwiseof dosas ete,the patitent should take 1.trivrt with sunthi or haritaki with jaggary3 gugglu, trivrt,danti,dravanti,saindhava7vaca with urine,milk,grapejuice.

Dantiharitakadi avaleha:(A.H.CHIKISTA 14^th)

25pala each of danti,citraka&pathya are boild in one drone of water&decoction reduced to aquater&filtered.Tothis are added guda eqal in gvantity to that of danthi,4 pala each of taila and powder of trivrt.two karsa each of kana&sunthi and cooked to form a leha.After it cools honey eqal in quantity of taila &one caturthika(pala)of powder of caturjata are added.one haritaki along with one pala in quantity of this confection.If consumed the persion who has undergone oleation terapy,purges out easily one prstha(13ana half pala in the content of virecana therapy) with out any discomfort.Thus dantiharitaki leha cures abdominal tumor,heart disease,haemorrhoids,dropsy,distention of abdomen, homiudal poisoning,enlargement of the abdomen,leprosy,mausea, anorexia,disease of spleen and duodenum,remittent fever, anaemia&jaundice(92-97)

·         Trivrt consumed with decoction or srestha(triphala)/pathya with takra/pathya fried in ghee along with pippali and mixed&guda/ pathya mixed with trivrt&danti consumed acts as an anulomana, when the dosas localized in the rectum are mitigated,the rectal sprouts also get subsided(8-58)

·         Sannipataja udara chikista: After the dosas have been eliminated out the person should bothe in cold water and the drink milk/peya eat the leaves of trivrt,manduki,vastuka,kalasaka,processed in their own freshjuices,with out adding sours,salts&fats either steem cooked/not steemed&with out partaking any other solid food for aperson of one month,if thirsty he should drink the fresh juice only.(15-82)

·         Sukra chikista(A.H UTTARA 11^th)

     In ksata sukra,the patitent must comsume medicated ghee boiled 3times in the decoction of trivrt,then blood should be taken out from the eyes either by cuttingthe veins/by applying leeches, goat`s milk boiled withutpala,kakoli,draksa,yasti,&vidari mixed with sugar or the decoction of these drugsshould be poured into the eye after the redness flow of tears and pain subside collyrium witch has lekhana property shouldbe applied(30-32a)

·         Vriscika visa cikista(A.H UTTARA 37^th)

Eqal quantities of tanduliyaka&trivrt should be consumed mixed with ghee such a person does not get taken by the poison of insects just as the mountain kailasa by wind(25-26)

·         Trivrt powder mixed with double sugar should be taken in the Dose of 20gm in the paittka type.                                               

·         Trivrt ,taila ,nagadanti&manjista mixed with ghee ,rocksalt &honey .This acts as cleansing agent (ch.da.46^th/5)

·         Purgation should be induced by trivrt ,danti &triphala(ch.da.50^th/4)

·         Trivrt ,haritaki &syama are impregnated with the latex of snuhi &made in to piles.thus taken with cow`s urine break anaha (ch.da.29^th/4)

·         Triphala decoction mixed with ghee &trivrt should be administer -ed for purgation to alleviate visarpa & jvara (ch.da.53th/3)

·         Nadi vrana chikista :

·          Syama tribhandi,triphala ,haritaki ,tilvaka –all these are used and medicated ghee prepared .This is ideal for healing sinus ulcer though it is located in the abdomen (bh.pr.49th/12)

·          Naraca curna :

·         Khanda(sugar candy)one pala trivrt –one aksa and krsna one

karsa all made in to nice model consumed in the dose of bidala padalca with honey just before meals with reduces constipation. 

Trivrt,tejavati ,danti ,swadamsta, citraka,sathi,gavaksi,musta,visvahva,vidanga,&haritaki-each one pala(40g) aruskara&vrddhadaru,each 8 pala(320) &surana kanda 16pala(640g)are all boild together in two drone(20.4g)of water,decoction reduced to one ¼ qvantity and filtered;next guda 3 times the quantity of decoction is also added,mixed well and cooked again till the mass begans to adhere to the ladle.Then it is taken out of the over&a mixer of fine powder of to 2 pala each of trivrt,tejavati,kanda(ssurana)7citraka,each of ela,tvak, marica&nagakesara 32pala-all together is also added and presved.It is consumed in sutabule dose daily;after its digestion the persion should take meals along with milk&meat soup.It cures all varities of piles&all kinds of abdominal enlargements,tumers of abdomen,diabetis, anaemia,halimaka,loss of control of thighs,nasal cataract, rhinitis,by its use persions can live for 100years freeof diseases.free of wrinkles of the skin,gray hairs and with many children.This sribahusala guda is a best rejuvenator.

·         Treatment of udavrtta

·         Syamadi gana:Syama danti,drvanthi,vrddadaru,snuhi,saptala, sankhini,sveta,aragvada,tilvaka,kampillaka,karanja&swrnaksiri-this group is know as symadi gana.It should be used in any of the forma of ghee,oil,power,decoction&paste in udavartta, anaha,poisoning&gulma.(4-5)

·         Trivrdadi gana:Trivrt,pippali&haritaki2.3&5 parts jaggary eqal to the above total-these are made into pills which remove the disorders caused by suppression of faeces(6)

·         Naraka curna:Sugar&trivrt each 40g pippali10g-this power should be taken in the dose of 10g with honey before meals in the condit –ion of hardness of faeces(agrevation of pitta&kapha).This naraka curna is quite palatable and fit to be used by kings(9-10)

·         Nadivrana chikista:

Syama,tribhandi,triphala,haritaki,tilvaka-all these are used&medicated ghee prepared.This is ideal for healing the sinus ulcer though it is located in the abdomen                     (BH.PR.49^th/12)

Trivrt,kutaja,pippali,visvabheshaja with juice of mrdwika&honey form a good purgative recipe in vars rutu.

·         Trivrt,duralabha,musta,udicya,candana-taken with sugar or cold infusionof draksa,yasti is good in trivrt,citraka,patha,ajali,sarala, vaca&hemaksiri with warm water is sutable in hemantha rut.

·         Pippali,nagara,saindhava&syama with honey is best in sisira& vasantha rtus.

·         Trivrt equal quantity of sugar is ideal in grismarutu                                       

·         Trivrt,hapusa,danti,saptala,katu rohini,swarnaksiri are powdered&kept immersed in cow`s urine for 3 days.

·         This recipe is sutible for all seasons&removes thedosas(25)

·         ASABHAYADI MODAKA:

·         This pills known asabhayadi modaka cures by long use diseases as vishama jvra,mandakini,kusta,gulmagalagandha,bhrama,udara,vidaha,pli –ha,meha,yaksma,vatarogas-This is a good rasayana when used for long periodwards off graying of hairs(26-33)

·         Abhaya,marica,sunthi,vidanga,amalaki,pippli,pippalimula,tvak,patra&musta-each eqal part&danti double the total quantity of the above trivrt 8times,sugar 6 times are to bemade intopills of one karsa each with honey.

·         One pill tobe taken in the morning followed by cold water gives purgations till the persion useshotwater.no restrictions need be followed in food/other activities.the pills are known as abhaya mdaka.           (SA.DH)                                                           

PRAYOJYA ANGA

 5.Dose, five to twenty grains (0.32-1.3 Gm.).

Use full part:

1.mula tvak (Dr.Nishteswar)

2.root bark   (Dr.GY.PA)

VISISTA YOGAS

1.Trivrt kolambhu

2.bhrhath madhusnuhi rasayana

3.ardhakadhi ghruta

4.kishora guggulam

5.amruta gugglu

6.virecana gutica

7.valayaangnadhi kasaya

10.svasari taila

11.ardhaka ghrta

12.mahadhara kasaya

13.kamila hara kasaya

14.kusta hara kasaya

15.virecana kasaya

16.dharvi bhiladhi ghrta

17.dhanvantari ghrta

18.Maha panca gavya ghrta

19.sarvamayantaka grta

20.triphaladhi ghrta/bindhu ghrta

21. virecanaghrta

22.brahmi ghrta

23.naraca churna

24.danthi trivrtadhi churna

25.trilavana pasu gandhadi churna

26.ayorajo nagaradhi churna

27.avipatti churna

28.sarasvata churna

29.vidangadhi ksara

33.manibhadra guda

34.bahusala guda

35.dasamuladi lehya                       (SA.YO)

1.narada ghrta

2.brahmi ghrta

3.dvi pancamuladhi ghrta

4.bhindhu ghrta

5.maha bhindu ghrta

6.citrakadi taila

7.maricadi taila

8.vidangadhi taila

9.hapushadi churna

10.bruhadagni churna

11.vyoshadhi churna

12.saindhavadhi churna

13.narayanadhi churna

14.tryushanadhi churna

15.kankayana gutica

16.abhaya vati

17.kalyana vatakam

18.vidanga saradhi gutica

19.mani bhadra vatakam

20.ksara gutica

21.langali gutica

22.trijata gutica

23.trivrtadi gutica

24.kampillkadhi gutica

25.triphaladhi modaka

26.saptaladhi modaka

27.viryanaka guda

28.abhayadhi modaka

29.punarnvadhi mandhuram

30.triphaladhi guggulu&gutica

31.padyava lehyam

32.pancagerakaya lehyam

33.sri bahusala gudava lehyam

34.danthi haritakyava lehyam

35.madhu paka vidhi

36.patola mulava lehya

41.lasuna ghrta

42.bhrhath panca muladhi ghrta

43.chetasa ghrta

44.brhatyahara taila

45.taraksadhi taila

46.mahanila taila

47.panca sama churna

48.ayaraja churna

49.surya Chandra prabha gutica

50.citrakadi gutica

51.guggulu gutica

52.trivrtadhi gutica                   (GH.NI)

1.dva trisadhanga kasaya

2.trilokyatapa hara rasa

3.bahusala guda

4.amruta haritaki vati

5.khadiradhi kwadha

6.surya prabha gutica

7.chitasa ghrta

8.hingvadhi churna

9.trayo dasanga guggulu

10.sadhasiti gugulu

11.maalakshmi narayana taila

12.vatarakte kisora guggulu

13.bruhadmari chadyam taila

14.panca sama churna            (YO.RA.1

1.tumburvadswayadhi ghati rasa

2.naraca churna

4.haritakyadhi churna

5.misraka sneha

6.kankaya gutica

7.hingvadhi ghrtam

8.trivrtadhi curna kwadhi

9.pasanabhedadhi kasaya

10.candra prabhavati

11.triphaladya taila

12.vidangadhi churna

13.sophahara ksira

14.swayadhu ghati rasa

15.medho gandhe syamadhilapa

17.bhagandhara kustadhi lepa

18.bhagandhara tiladhi lepa

19.bhagandhra visyandhanam taila

20.triphala modaka

22.mahakhadhira ghrta

23.laghu maricyadhyam taila

25.bhaladhi ghrta

26.soubhagya sunthi anya

27.amruta bhallata vati                (YO.RA.2)

SWAROOPA VARNANA

·         Extensive climber,stem sulcate/angular,glabrous or sparsely-pilose

·         Leaves variable in shape,orbicular to lanceolate,pubescent beneath;basically cordate/hastate,dentate to shallowly lobed or margins.

·         Flowers 1 or few together,outer sepals,pubescent,inner glabrous corolla,white companulateto broadly funnel shaped up to 4.5 cm long.Capsule globose enclosed in enlarged bristly sepals,seeds black, glabrous.

·         Flowering&fruiting time:

·         Plant flowers&fruits in November,February/march

·         december.

·         Distribution:

·         Plant occurs in tropical asia&Australia.It is occasionally growing wild up on hedges or bushes.Plants is found through out India up to an attitude of 900mt.Occasionally grown also as ornament in gardens.

·         Kinds&varities:

·         Classically there are two kinds of trivrt viz aruna&syama. Arunabha trivrt is considered best&ideal laxative drug in comparison to syama.In practice also two kinds of trivrt are available.

·         White nishoth is barkless root&stems of murva or marsdenia tenacissima which has no purgative activity.

MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE:

The epidermis consists of tabular brown cells,the parenchyma

is in it are thickly scattered very large resin cells&numerous rosette like raphides-the many large vascular bundles are composed of  large dotted vessels surrouned by wood fibres

            each of theprminent extenal ridges of the bark contains one of

           .Thecentral cane like woodycolumn of the rootor stem when       

             present is seen to be divided into 4 parts b..fourbundles of

             parenchyma(medullary rays).It consist of large dotted vessels

             connected together by narrow portionsof woody fibres.

Theblack nishot has exactly the same structure as the white.

                                                                 (PH.GR.IN)

Rosette& prismatic crustaof ca oxalate are present in stems&roots

simple&compound starch grains elliptical to spherical in shape with

a central cleft(5-26-44 microns diameter) are present in the alcohol

Physical constant values:

The stemof the allthentic operculina turpethum R.Br.was found to be

Identical with the black nisoth of the market.

Ash&resin content values of o.turpethum

                                            Percentage                   

        Acid insoluble ash:     0.7-1.1

         Resin content       :     9-10.5

Powdered root of the O.turpethum when exposed to U.V ligt have 

bluish yellow fluorescence,saponification,numberof the resin is

185-198                                                    (PH.O.I.D)

In ayurvedic treaties 3 kinds of trivrt are mentioned i.e tricolpako

-nna,karutta trikolpak onna(black varity)& Curanna trikolpakonna

In abhidhanamanjarithe 3^rd kind of trivrt is translated as Nalkolpa

-konna.                                    (I.M.P.B.O.L)

O.turpethumsilva is used medicallyin the Pillipine Islands. 

                   Its root&rhizome are office in france&spain,its root&stem in

Pernial with milky juice;root long slender fleshy much

 branched;stemsvery long,twining and much twisted together

angled&winged,pubescent touch&brownwhen old leaves 5010

by 1.3-7cm ovate/oblang,rarely slightly libulate,subacute,mucronate,more/less pubecent on both sides especially when long,minutely reticulately veined Base cordate

Flowered;penduncle stout,2.5-5 cm long;bracts large,lanceolate,

Pubescent reching 2.5 cm long caduceus,often pinkish,pedicles

0.6-2.5 cm long,stout,pubescent;slightly thickened upwards.

Outer sepals upto 2.2 cm long in flower,much enlarged in fruit,

Broadly ovate or suborbicular,obtuse mucronate,concave,pubscent,

 the 3 inner sepals smaller scarcely 2 cm long very thinly membrane

ous,glabrous,apiculate corolla white 3.8-5 cm long,subcampanulate,

           Native: (links to other web resources are provided for some

AFRICA
East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania
South Tropical Africa: Mozambique; Zimbabwe
Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar; Mauritius; Reunion

SOME CONTRAVERSIAL DRUGS IN INDIAN DRUGS:

There are 2 kinds of turpethum described in ayurveda.1.aruna 2.black.These above described turpethum is blackish(root) while that with abrown root is not seen/dose not exist.

.White is now At present white turpethum is obtained in the bazaars.White is now here mentioned in the charaka/the susruta.

It is in Bhava prakasa that he has clearly probable Bhavamisra may hava meant white for Sanskrit wor aruna.

White turpethum that is sold in the bazaar is the root&stems of Marsdenia tenacissima W&A(Asclepiadacepe).This is not purgative,but somehow it has been thrust in the market by the unscrupulous traders.

Bhavamisra has stated that black variety of trivrt is interior to the white varity in medical properties&it is a drastic purgative.

Bhavamisra has blunderedhereor it may be through the mistake of the copyist.Black varity is preferable to white for medicament

Description of Marsdenia tenacisssima W&A:

A large climber with stems,bark pale brown rough corky&deeply fissuredon old stems.Twigspale withconspicuous lenticels,pube center tomenetose.

Leaves 4-6 inches long,3-4inches broad,ovate,acuminate,bast cordate,pubescenton both surfaces dull green above,petiole 2.5 inches long.

Flowers green yellow,foetid,extra axillary cymes.Follicle 4.5-5 inches long,1.2-1.4 inches diameter pubescent,verystrong nice fibres are prepared from the stems and they are used for fishing nets.

DISTRIBUTION:

1.Dehradun

2.Bihar

3.Almora

NAMES:

1.Jartor

2.chinhar (Mirzapur)

3.maruabel(CH.DA)

 

 

Summary:

In bazaars white nishot is mostly available now, black if at all is sold then only twigs&decomposed,root mostly with out bark are available.

This deplorable state of affirs can only be remedied when the drug farms are estimated&plants cultivated with proper care.

The white trivrt has no properties of the black/geruine one.The white one is really the murva of Sanskrit writers.In charaka its name is marua bel while is the real murva.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:

Turpeth resin consists of a small quantity of self resinsoluble in ether&of a substance insoluble in ether,benzene,bisulphide of carbon&essential oils.

This substance has been named turpethin[C3 ½ H 56 O 16]and is present in the root to the excentof 4%;it has been examined by spirgatis,who describes it as a grey powder having a powder fully irritant action upon the mucous membranes of the mouth&nose&being analogous in its reactions with jalapin&convolvulin

Under the action of alkaline bases it is transformed into turpethic acid&in the presence of HCL becomes converted into glucose&turpetholic acid.(Zeitschrder chemie and fnarmacic 1865)

Turpeth resin is supposedto have a resemblance in color&action to turpeth mineral an old name forbasic sulphate of Mercury.

                                                                    [P.G.I]

·         CHEMICAL COMPSITION:

·         The active principle is a glycosidic resin(m.p 193 acid val.220.3-224.5,sap val.160.5-164) present in the drug up to 10%.It is similar to jalap.The resin is brownish yellow and odourless with a bitter pungent taste which is soluble in alcohol&particularly soluble in ether.

·         It contains an eter insoluble glycoside turpentine which constitutes about half of resin and two ether soluble glycosides,namely a turpethein(00.6%).besides the the resin the drug contains a small amount of volatile oil&a yellow coloring matter.This resin is active similar to jalap(Exogonium purgoo) which is well substituted by Indian turpeth.

·         Actually the drug trivrt is root of operculina turpethum silva manso which has two varites on accout of its stages with colour distinction.

·         In classical texts of indigenous medicine two kinds of trivrt are mentioned&the characteristics collection of potential roots material of trivrt are indicated along with other details of medicinal usefulness.

·         The resin is a powerful purgative and used to facilitate bowel evacuation in the most dramatic cases of constipation. It is so strong that it must be combined with such other herbs as ginger, licorice, or some other digestive stimulant. It is occasionally used for constipation, colic and pain in the intestinal region, dysentery, colitis, and rheumatism.

·         Homeopathic remedies are used for night restlessness in children and in cases of diarrhea..

·         Another Ipomoea species, I. turpethum, is native to Asia and Australia and is also a drastic purgative. Other related species have interesting uses. I. batatas, from South America, is the common sweet potato and is an important food plant. The seeds of the morning glory (I. violacea), native to Mexico, contains compounds similar to LSD and were taken for rituals by the Zapotecs and Aztecs.

·         The Morning Glory or Jalapa roots are considered to be such an effective antispasmodic that they are used in a syrup to treat epilepsy. A simple boiled tea of the roots is used for less severe conditions, like spastic diarrhea, menstrual cramps, and general hysteria.

Constituents:Resin, a fatty substance, volatile oil, albumen, starch, a yellow colouring matter, lignin, salts, and ferric oxide. The root contains 10 per cent of resin, which is a glucoside, Turpethin, insoluble in ether, but soluble in alcohol, to which it gives a brown colour not removable by animal charcoal. To obtain pure, the alcoholic solution is concentrated; the resin is precipitated by, and afterwards boiled with, water, then dried, reduced to powder, digested with ether, and finally redissolved by absolute alcohol and deposited by ether. After being treated several times in this way, it is obtained in the state of a brownish resin, yielding on pulverization a grey powder, which irritates the mucous membrane of the nostrils and mouth. It is inflammable, burning with a smoky flame and emitting irritant vapours. With strong bases it acts like jalapin, takes up water, and is transferred into a soluble acid, while with dilute acids it is decomposed into turpetholic acid, and glucose.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RESEARCH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRIVRTA KALKA:

IMS,FACALTY OF AYURVEDA(BHU)VARANASI

954.VIBHA KUMARI:Effect of Trivrt kalka in kaphaja yoni vyapada                          

964.Ghai(Mrs)Sushma:effect of certain trivrt kalka in tricodermal vulvo vaginitis.

TRIVRTA GHRITA:

SHRI GSG AYURVED MAHA VIDYALAYA-PUNE

52.Gaikwad vd:Trivrta siddha grita sneha used in malava shtambha vvyadhi and malava stambha lakshana.

IPGT&RT GUJARAT AYUVED UNIVERSITY-JAMNAGAR

1528:Ramachandra kra-role of trivrtadi ghrita in arbuda w.s.r to carcinoma in esophagus. L-1628

TRIVRTA TAILA:

Dr.BRKR GOVT.AYURVED COLLEGE(HYD)

 424.Vishala k-Vataja artava dusti by trivrt taila uttara basti.

TRIVRTADI TAILA:

IPGT&RT GUJARAT AYUVED UNIVERSITY-JAMNAGAR

1892.Gupta sangita-A comparative study of anuvasana basti and uttara basti with trivrtdi taila in the management of kashtartava.

TRIVRTADI MODAKA:

TILAK AYURVED MAHA VIDYALAYA-PUNE

114.Dalvipn-To ascertain the virechana kamukattva of trivrtadi modaka.

Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia

48: 11-17 (2006)

Pharmacological Screening of Root of Operculina turpethum and its Formulations

Rajashekar M. Bhande, Laakshmayya², Pramod Kumar², Nitin K. Mahurkar³ and S. Ramachandra Setty^1*

¹ Department of Pharmacology, S.C.S. College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli-583131 India

² Department of Pharmacognosy, V.L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur-584 103. India

³ Department of Pharmacology, H.K.E.’s College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga - 585 101

Abstract

The root of Operculina turpethum is the chief ingredient in the Ayurvedic formulation viz. Avipattikara churna used for the treatment of gastric ulcer and related gastrointestinal disturbances. Its incorporation in the formulation is not scientifically studied. Hence, in the present study root and its formulations are investigated for anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal properties.

The root powder of Operculina turpethum and its formulations were studied for anti-ulcer activity by using Shay rat that have administered preparation at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dose levels. The results revealed that the root powder and formulations have reduced the hyperacidity to the extent of 50 – 55% at 100mg/kg dose level. The root powder was found to be better than all formulations. The root powder and the formulation have reduced the charcoal movement significantly in charcoal meal test in mice at 400mg/kg dose. Similarly, these preparations have reduced the edema volume in formalin induced inflammation model in rats at 100mg/kg dose.

The study revealed that the incorporation of root of Operculina turpethum in Avipattikara Churna is justifiable.

Key words: Avipattikara churna, diarrhea, edema volume, hyperacidity, Operculina turpethum, reduction and ulcer.

Introduction

Operculina turpethum is a perennial herb with milky juice and its root is incorporated in the Avipattikara churna (an Ayurvedic preparation used for the treatment of hyperacidity, gastric ulcer and related gastrointestinal disturbances). The formula of the Avipattikara churna is given in table 1. This churna is useful in the treatment of Amla Pitha (Hyperacidity), malabandha (Constipation) (Ayurvedic formulary of India, 1976). In ancient literature it is named Trivrit (Ogle, 1931) Operculina turpethum is the chief ingredient in the formulation. Zandu Pharmaceuticals, Bombay, India, Sandu Pharmaceuticals and many native practitionersa are manufacturing and marketing the same product with generic names. Upon literature review, it was found that the active principle of the plant is glycosidic resin (Ambasta, 1986). The scopoletin, a coumarin derivative, turpethinic acid and its derivatives were isolated from the plant (Rastogi and Mehrotra, 1999). However, there are no reports regarding its pharmacological profile in the modern literature. Hence, in the present study it was planned to

^* Corresponding author : e-mail: rssiddamsetty@yahoo.co.in

11 investigate the claims of the Ayurveda regarding the usage of Operculina turpethum and the Avipattikara Churna in treating hyperacidity and related gastrointestinal disturbances.

Materials and methods

Collection of Plant material

The root of the plant was obtained from crude drug market and was identified by the native practitioner who is prescribing the preparation for his patients and was further identified by Prof. Srivatsa, Head, Dept. of Botany, L.V.D. College, Raichur, India. Thus obtained plant material was powdered and stored in an airtight container. Similarly Marketed Avipattikara churna was purchased from the Ayurvedic medical hall and a formulation was obtained from the native practitioner himself.

Table–1: Formula of Avipattikara Churna

Each 10 g contains:

Sl. Name of Binomial name Quantity

No. ingredients in Gm

01. Sunthi Zingeber officinalis 0.075

02. Kali mirchi Piper nigrum 0.075

03. Pippli Piper longum 0.075

04. Tiphala Churna

i. Amlaki Emblica officinalis 0.075

ii. Haritaki Terminalia chebula 0.075

iii. Bibhitaka Terminalia bellerica 0.075

05. Mustha Cyprus rotundeus 0.075

06. Varading Embelia ribes 0.075

07. Ellyachi Elettaria cardamomum 0.075

08. Lavang Syzygium aromaticum 0.833

09. Patra Cinnamomum tamala 0.075

10. Vida lavana Sod. Sulfate 0.075

09. Trivrit Operculina turpethum 3.333

10. Sugar - - - 5.000

Animals: Acute toxicity and blind screening studies were carried out in healthy mice of either sex weighing between 25 – 35g. The anti-inflammatory and anti-secretory and anti-ulcer activities were studied in healthy rats of either sex weighing between 150-200g. Both species were obtained from the central animal house, V.L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur. The animals were randomly distributed into various groups and were kept in colony cages at ambient temparature of 27⁰ ± 2⁰ C and at 45 – 55% relative humidity with a 12 hour light /12 hour dark cycle.

 

Antisecretory and Ulcer protective activity

Albino rats of either sex weighing between 150 – 200 g were divided into 11 groups of 6 animals each. These animals were fasted for 24 hours and water ad libitum, prior to experiment. Animals of groups 1 and 2 received 5% acacia suspension and omeprazole 30 mg/kg respectively. Similarly animals of groups 3 and 4 received Operculina turpethum 30 mg/kg and 100mg/kg, respectively. The animals of groups 5 and 6 received AVIFN, 7 and 8 received AVIFZ, 9 and 10 received AVIFS equivalent to 30mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of Operculina turpethum orally, respectively. The animals of group 11 received 100 mg/kg of Avipattikara churna (AVIFN) without Operculina turpethum (AVIFN – OT). One hour after the administration of the drugs, ulcers were induced by pyloric ligation (Shay et al., 1945). After six hours the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Abdomen was opened, oesophageal end was tied and the stomach was isolated. The contents of the stomach were collected and gastric volume, free acid and total acid content were estimated by titrimetric method. The stomach was opened; ulcer index was determined (Kulkarni, 1987) by observing under 10X lens and by giving scores (normal colored stomach = 0, red coloration = 0.5

spot ulcers = 1, hemorrhagic streaks = 1.5, ulcer ≥ 3 but ≤ 5 = 2 and ulcers ≥ 5 = 3). The results are compiled in table 2.

 

Anti-diarrheal activity

Mice of either sex weighing between 20 – 30 g were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. These animals were fasted for 24 hours prior to experiment. Animals of group 1 received 0.5 ml of 5% acacia suspension, group 2 received loperamide HCl 5 mg/kg, and groups 3 and 4 received Operculina turpethum and AVIFN 400 mg/kg orally, respectively. One hour after the administration of drugs 0.3 ml of 5% charcoal suspension (charcoal meal) was given to all the animals (Robert, 1965). Fifty minutes after the charcoal meal, all animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Abdomen was opened and the total length of the intestine was measured. The distance traveled by the charcoal meal in the intestine was also measured. The % movement of the charcoal meal in the intestine with reference to the total length of the intestine was calculated. The results are compiled in table 3.

Anti-inflammatory activity

The albino rats of either sex weighing between 120 – 160 g were selected and divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. The animals were fasted for 24 hours prior to the experiment. Animals of groups 1 and 2 were treated with 0.5 ml of 5% acacia suspension and diclofenac sod., 30mg/kg respectively.

Blind Screening and Acute toxicity studies

The screening method as described by Robert (1965) was adopted in the present study. Albino mice of either sex weighing between 25–35 g were fasted and divided into 29 groups of 6 animals each. All the animals were fasted for 24 hours prior to the experiment. Animals of the group 1 received acacia suspension (0.5 ml orally). The animals of group 2 to 8 received suspension of root of Operculina turpethum (OT) at 10, 30, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg dose levels respectively. Similarly animals of group 9 to 15 received AVIFN (Avipattikara Churna from native practitioner), animals of group 16 to 22 received AVIFS (Avipattikara Churna from Sandu Pharmaceuticals) and animals of group 23 to 29 received AVIFZ (Avipattikara Churna from Zandu Pharmaceuticals) respectively at the dose levels mentioned above. The animals were observed at 0, ½, 1, 2 and 4 hours after the administration for acute effect and mortality. The observation was continued for one week for the delayed effects and mortality. However there were no deaths in any of the groups.

 

 

Operculina turpethum, AVIFN, AVIFS and AVIFZ 100mg/kg respectively. One hour after the drug treatment all animals of all groups were given 0.1 ml of formalin subcutaneously into the subplantar region of the left hind paw. Paw volumes were measured at 0, ½, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours after the formalin challenge by using plethysmograph (Kulkarni, 1987). Edema volumes were calculated and % reduction in the edema volume due to drug treatment was determined by comparing with control group (i.e. group1). The results are compiled in table 4.

Results and Discussion

All the preparations studied have shown dose dependent stimulation in the animals however the plain OT was found to be more effective among all the preparations. None of the preparations were found to be toxic in mice up to the dose of 800 mg/kg. And hence, LD₅₀ of the preparations could not be calculated. But it is presumed to be above 800mg/kg dose. 30mg/kg and 100mg/kg doses have shown significant activity in blind screening, therefore these doses were opted for further studies.

All preparations viz. OT, AVIFN, AVIFS and AVIFZ were found to reduce the acid content (both free acid and total acid), but failed to reduce the volume and ulcer index significantly with single bolus injection in Shay rat with the preparations at both dose levels tried i.e. 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. OT was found to be more effective in this case also. Since, LD₅₀ is more than 800 mg/kg and is 5 times more than that of effective dose (100 mg/kg), we can infer that the root powder and its marketed formulations are safe for treating hyper acidity and gastric ulcer.

Table–2: Antisecretory and Ulcer protective activity of Operculina turpethum

and Avipattikara churna

Drug Dose Free acid Total acid Acid volume Ulcer index

Mg/kg mEq/l/100g mEq/l/100g ml/100g

5% Acacia 0.5 ml 84.4 ± 1.2 90.8 ± 1.9 3.9 ± 0.1 4.6 ± 0.2

suspension

Pilot studies on charcoal meal test in mice revealed that lower doses like 30 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg could not influence the intestinal movement. Hence, 400mg/kg dose was selected. Single bolus injections of OT and AVIFN have reduced the intestinal movement from 75.1 ± 1.1 to 56.0 ± 1.5 and 67.5 ± 2.1 respectively. The results of charcoal meal test reveals that, the dose required was higher (400mg/kg) than the dose required for reducing the hyperacidity. In addition the exact LD₅₀ of the OT/formulations are not established. Therefore, using these preparations for antidiarrheal purpose require further studies to confirm their safety.

Table–3: Antidiarrheal activity of Operculina turpethum & Avipattikara churna

Drug Average Average length % movement

Total length moved by marker of marker

of git (in cm) (in cm)

Control 51.92 ± 1.77 39.25 ± 1.44 75.1 ± 1.1

5% Charcoal

suspension

Loperamide HCl 64.00 ± 2.28 28.50 ± 1.33 44.5 ± 1.6^*

5 mg/kg Std.

OT 59.08 ± 2.87 32.92 ± 0.88 56.0 ± 1.5^*

400 mg/kg

AVIFN 64.00 ± 1.31 43.17 ± 1.19 67.5 ± 2.1^*

400 mg/kg

* Significant at P=0.05

The pretreatment with the root powder of OT, and marketed Avipattikara churna viz. AVIFN, AVIFS and AVIFZ (100 mg/kg dose) have reduced the formalin induced edema volume to the extent of 36.45%, 27.11%, 18.69% and 21.15% respectively. All these preparations have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity; therefore they are useful in hyperacidity and ulcer related bowel inflammation also

Table – 4: Antiinflammatory activity of Operculina turpethum and Avipattikara churna

Drug Mean % reduction in edema volume

½ hr 1 hr 2 hr 4hr 6hr 8hr 12 hr 18 hr 24 hr

Control - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

0.5ml 3%

acacia

suspension

Diclofenac 21.0±9.6 29.2±7.5 44.5±6.5 60.4±3.8 36.3±5.2 29.0±6.3 25.7±4.9 21.3±4.3 23.3±5.0

Sod. Std.

30 mg/kg

OT 11.4±4.0 12.9±2.8 25.7±7.0 36.4±8.5 28.7±7.5 20.1±5.5 15.7±4.3 19.0±4.9 28.5±8.9

100 mg/kg

AVIFN 08.9±5.6 10.8±7.1 17.8±4.8 24.8±5.7 27.1±7.5 15.5±6.5 14.7±3.5 16.0±3.5 20.4±7.8

100 mg/kg

AVIFS 0.0 07.5±4.7 17.0±6.1 18.6±11.4 16.9±10.9 11.1±11.1 08.9±4.8 10.9±5.5 26.1±6.6

100 mg/kg

AVIFZ 05.8±5.5 13.0±8.7 19.0±9.3 21.1±4.6 20.1±7.1 14.6±6.8 14.3±25.4 19.7±4.7 35.1±8.5

100 mg/kg

Avipattikara churna is normally given for a chronic period in treating hyperacidity, ulcer and related bowel disturbances. But in the present study only single bolus dose was given and observed the effect of the preparations was observed on only one model of hyperacidity. The effects of chronic administration on this model and on different models of hyperacidity are being planned. It is also planned to explore the possible mechanism of action of these preparations in reducing the gastric acid content. However the present study has indicated that OT and its marketed preparations (Avipattikara churna) are effective in reducing hyperacidity and related git disturbances.

References

Ambasta S.P. (1986). The Useful Plants of India, Publications and Information directorate, New Delhi CSIR, 409.

Ayurvedic Formulary of India, (1976). 1^st edition, Ministry of Health and Family Planning, Department of Health, Govt. of India, New Delhi, (I), 87.

OPERCULINA TURPENTHUM
Nishope
(OPERCULINA TURPETHUM)

A remedy for plague, fevers, diarrhœa.

Mind.--Delirium associated with restlessness, loquacity. Tendency to escape from bed; ravings, pains cause fainting.

Abdomen.--Watery diarrhœa, profuse with sinking sensation, Cholera morbus. Hæmorrhoids.

Skin.--Lymphatic glands enlarged and indurated. Boils and slowly suppurating abscesses.

Jayashree Kanoi

Title: Protective effect of root extract of Operculina turpethum linn. Against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats     Author:   Suresh Kumar S ; Sujatha C ; Syamala J ; Nagasudha B ; Mishra S Abstract: The ethanolic extract obtained from roots of Operculina turpethum (Convolvulaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing liver damage by paracetamol. The ethanol extract at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. Silymarin was used as positive control. Journal: Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Issn: 0250474X EIssn:   Year: 2006 Volume: 68 Issue: 1 pages/rec.No: 32-35 Key words

DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals, 2007, Lund University Libraries, Head Office

 

Carakasaṃhitā: Ausgewählte Texte aus der Carakasaṃhitā / übersetzt und erläutert von Alois Payer <1944 - >. -- Anhang A: Pflanzenbeschreibungen. -- Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso -- Fassung vom 2007-05-10. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/ayurveda/pflanzen/operculina_turpethum.htm   

Erstmals publiziert: 2007-03-19

Überarbeitungen: 2007-05-10 [Ergänzungen]

Anlass: Lehrveranstaltung SS 2007

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Dieser Text ist Teil der Abteilung Sanskrit  von Tüpfli's Global Village Library

Falls Sie die diakritischen Zeichen nicht dargestellt bekommen, installieren Sie eine Schrift mit Diakritika wie z.B. Tahoma.

Verwendete und zitierte Werke siehe: http://www.payer.de/ayurveda/caraka0001.htm

---

Abb.: Operculina turpetum (L.) S. Manso
[Bildquelle: Kirtikar-Basu, ©1918]

Drury:

"Ipomoea turpethum (R. Br.) Do. Indian Jalap, Beng, Shevadie, Tam. Tella-tegada, Tel. Doodh-kulmee, Beng. Teoree, Beng. Description.—Perennial, twining; stem angular, winged, glabrous or a little downy; leaves alternate, cordate, ovate, acuminated, sometimes entire or angularly sinuated or crenated ; peduncles axillary, 1-4 flowered, bracteate at the apex ; outer sepals the largest, ovate-roundish; corolla twice as long as the calyx, white; capsule 4-sided, 4-celled; seeds round, black, 1 in each cell; flowers white, with a tinge of cream colour. Fl. Nearly all the year.—Convolvulus turpethum, Linn.—Roxb. FL Ind. i. 476.-------Malabar. Coromandel Medical Uses.—The bark of the root is employed by the natives as a purgative, which they use fresh rubbed up with milk. About 6 inches in length of the root is reckoned a dose. Cattle do not eat the plant. The root, being free from a nauseous taste and smell, possesses a decided superiority over jalap, for which it might be substituted. Turpethum is derived from its Arabic name. A resinous substance exudes from the root when wounded, which might probably be turned to some account; it is merely the milky juice of the fruits dried. Roxburgh has a long note upon this plant, wherein he communicates the following information on the subject of its medical virtues, as received from Dr Gordon of the Bengal establishment: " The drug which this plant yields is so excellent; a substitute for jalap, and deserves so much the attention of practitioners, that 1 doubt not the following account will prove acceptable. It is a native of all parts of continental and probably of insular India also, as it is said to be found in the Society and Friendly Isles and the New Hebrides. It thrives best in moist shady places on the sides of ditches, sending, forth long climbing quadrangular stems, which in the rains are covered with abundance of large, white, bell-shaped flowers. Both root and stem are perennial. The roots are long, branchy, somewhat fleshy, and when fresh contain a milky juice which quickly hardens into a resinous substance, altogether soluble in spirits of wine. The milk has a taste at first sweetish, afterwards slightly acid; the dried root has scarcely any perceptible taste or smell. It abounds in woody fibres, which, however, separate from the more resinous substance in pounding, and ought to be removed before the trituration is completed. It is, in fact, in the bark of the root that all the purgative matter exists. The older the plant the more woody is the bark of the root; and if attention be not paid in trituration to the removal of the woody fibres, the quality of the powder obtained must vary in strength accordingly. It is probably from this circumstance that its character for uncertainty of operation has arisen, which has occasioned its disuse in Europe. An extract which may be obtained in the proportion of one ounce to a pound of the dried root would not be liable to that objection. Both are given in rather larger proportion than jalap. Like it, the power and certainty of its operation are very much aided by the addition of cream of tartar to the powder, or of calomel to the extract. I have found the powder in this form to operate with a very small degree of tenesmus and very freely, producing three or four motions within two to four hours. It is considered by the natives   as possessing peculiar hydragogue virtues, but I have used it also with decided advantage in the first stages of febrile affections." According to the Raja Nirghaunta, the Teoree is dry and hot; a good remedy against worms; a remover of phlegm, swellings of the limbs, and diseases of the stomach. It also heals ulcers, and is useful in diseases of the skin. It is known to be one of the best purgatives. The Bhavaprukasha has the following observation: "The white Teoree is cathartic; it is pungent; it increases wind, is hot and efficacious in removing cold find bile; it is useful in bilious fevers and complaints of the stomach. The black sort is somewhat less efficacious; it is a violent purgative, is good in faintings, and diminishes the heat of the body in levers with delirium."—(Ainslie. Roxb. Walli'ch's Obs.) it should be here added that it has entirely fallen into disuse in European practice ; and Sir W. O'Shaughnessy found it so uncertain in its operation, that he pronounced it as unworthy of a place in the pharmacopoeia.—Pharm. of India." [Quelle: Drury, Heber <1819 - 1872>: The useful plants of India : with notices of their chief value in commerce, medicine, and the arts. -- 2d ed. with additions and corrections. London : Allen, 1873. -- xvi, 512 p. ; 22 cm. -- s.v.]

Dutt:

"IPOMOEA TURPETHUM, R. Br. Syn. Convolvulus Turpethum, Roxb. Sans. Trivṛt. Tripuṭā. Vern. Teori, Beng. Nisoth, Tarbud, Hind. Two varieties of trivṛt are described by most writers, namely, śveta or white and kṛṣṇa or black. The white variety is preferred for medicinal use as a moderate or mild cathartic. The black variety is said to be a powerful drastic and to cause vomiting, faintness and giddiness. Trivrit has been used as a purgative from time immemorial and is still used as such by native practitioners, alone, as well as in various combinations. In fact this medicine is the ordinary cathartic in use amongst natives, just as jalap is among Europeans. The usual mode of administering it is as follows. About two scruples of the root are rubbed into a   pulp with water and taken with the addition of rock salt and ginger or sugar and black pepper. A compound powder called Nārācha churna, is thus prepared. Take of Trivrit root eight tolās, long pepper two tolās, sugar eight tolās ; powder and mix. About a scruple of the powder is recommended to be taken before meals in constipation with hard faeces. Tumburādya churna. Take of the fruits of Xanthoxylumm hostile ( tumburu ), rock, vit and sochal salts, ajowan, pāchak root, yavakshāra, chebulic myrobalan, asafoetida and baberang seeds, one part each, trivrit three parts; powder the ingredients and mix. Dose, about a drachm with warm water, in painful dyspepsia with costiveness and flatulence. In anasarca supposed to be caused by deranged bile, a decoction of trivrit, gulancha, and the three myrobalans is recommended to be taken. Milk diet should be prescribed along with this medicine." [Quelle: Dutt, Uday Chand: The materia medica of the Hindus / Uday Chand Dutt. With a glossary of Indian plants by George King. -- 2. ed. with additions and alterations / by Binod Lall Sen & Ashutosh Sen. -- Calcutta, 1900. - XVIII, 356 S. -- S. 203f.]

 

Turpethum. Br. Turpeth.

o          Operculina turpethum

Related entry: Jalap - Scammony - Orizaba Jalap - Resin of Scammony - Pharbitis - Kaladana

"Turpeth is the dried root and stem of Ipomoea Turpethum, R.Br." Br.

Turpeth Root, Indian Jalap, Trivrit, Nisoth.

Ipomoea Turpethum (operculina Turpethum (L.) Peter) (Fam. Convolvulaceae) is a convolvulaceous plant which is found throughout India, China, Ceylon, Australia, and is occasionally cultivated in botanical gardens as an ornamental plant. There are two varieties, viz., Sveta or white turpeth, and Kirshna or black turpeth, the former being preferred as a mild cathartic. The black variety is said to be a powerful drastic. (Watt, "Dictionary of the Economic Products of India.")

Boutron-Chalard found in turpeth root, resin, a fatty substance, volatile oil, albumen, starch, a yellow coloring matter, lignin, salts, and ferric oxide. (J. P. C., viii, 121.) The root contains 10 per cent. of resin. (Andouard, Ann. Ther., 1866, 118.) According to Spirgatis this resin is a glucoside, turpethin, C76H128O36 like that of other Convolvulaceae, insoluble in ether, but soluble in alcohol, to which it imparts a brown color not removable by animal charcoal. To obtain it pure, the alcoholic solution is concentrated; the resin precipitated by, and" afterwards boiled with, water, then dried, reduced to powder, digested with ether, and finally redissolved by absolute alcohol and thrown down by ether. After being treated several times in this way, it is obtained in the state of a brownish resin, yielding on pulverization a gray powder, which strongly irritates the mucous membrane of the nostrils and mouth, and is fusible at 182.2° C. (360° F.). It is inflammable, burning with a smoky flame and emitting irritant vapors. With strong bases it acts like jalapin, takes up water, and is transformed into a soluble acid, turpethic acid, C₃₄H₆₀O18, while with dilute acids it is decomposed into turpetholic acid, C₁₆H₃₂O₄, and glucose. (J. P. C., 4e ser., i, 236.)

Turpeth root is purgative, somewhat less powerful than jalap, and rather slow in its action.

Austral Ecology

Volume 7 Issue 3 Page 249-259, September 1982

To cite this article: T. J. HALL (1982) Species associations in a grassland on a heavy cracking clay soil in north-west Queensland: their structure, soil associations and effects of flooding
Austral Ecology 7 (3) , 249–259 doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1982.tb01504.x

re Genus entries
[ Operculicarya ] [ Operculina ] [ Ophellantha ]

Medicinal Action and Uses:Cathartic and purgative. It is rather slow in its action, less powerful and less unpleasant than jalap.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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              1.draya guna vignana-part :3

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Choukhamba krishnadas academy,

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 M/S periodical experts,

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               7.RAJA NIGHANTU,

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 Draya guna pakasica-hindi vakya samhita,

 By Indrado Tripathi,

 Krishnadas akadami.Varanasi.

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                8.SODHALA NIGHANTU,

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              10.YAGARATNAKARAM

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             11.Saranghadara samhita,

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    p.b.no.1084,

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16.Sahasra yogam,

     Subhodhini vakyana samhitam,

     V.Koteswara satry,

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17.Kayyadeva nighantu(Padyapadya vibhodhica)

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      Chaukhamba orientalia,

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    20.Gada nigraha,

         Andra tatparya samhita,

         By Sri Shodala,

         Vavilla ramaswamy sastrulu&sons,

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      2I.ndian meteria medica vol .2,

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      22.Pharamacognosy of indigenous drugs.vol.1,

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            By Dr.Balpalal vaidya,

            Foreword by P.V.Sarma,

            Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi.

 

        24.Indian medicinal plants by Orient longman vol.4,

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             3-6-752,himayath nagar,

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Dr.N.T.R.UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES VIJAYAWADA              ANDHRA PRADESH Dr. N. R. S. GOVT. AYURVEDIC COLLEGE          DEPARTMENT OF DRAVYAGUNA  CERTIFICATE                  Regd. No: This is to certify that Mr. Srinivasa Reddy. Bandiof 2nd B.A.M.S has done satisfactory compilation work in the deparment of dravyaguna and bona fide work for the year   2007-2008.     Lecturer                                                      Asst. Professor Head of the department            Internal Examiner                                        External examiner

      CONTENTS:

15.BIBLIOGRAPHY                     :118

18.i.m.m      :indian meteria medica

19.i.m.p.b.o.p :indian medicinal plants by orient     longman

20.ph.o.i.d        :pharmacognacy of indigenous drugs

21.ph.gr.in      :paramacographica india

22.s.c.d.i.i.m    :some contraversial drugs in indian medicine

 OPERCULINA Turpethum                  

Botanical Name : OPERCULINA TURPETHUM Family Name : CONVOLVULACEAE Common Name : INDIAN JALAP, TURPETH, ST. THOMAS LIDPOD  Part Used : Roots Habitat : Throughout India upto 900 m, cultivated occasionally. Uses : It also has anthelmintic expectorant, antipyretic, anti- Inflammatory and purgative properties.  It is one of the plants mentioned in the literature having claims of activity against liver disorders. Parts Offered : Turpeth roots  Habitat                 It grows throughout India up to an altitude of 900 m. Morphology Description (Habit) A large perennial twiner with milky juice and fleshy branched. The leaves are very variable in shape; the flowers are tubular-campanulate, white, in few flowered cymes; the capsules Globose with 4 or less, dull black, glabrous seeds.  Principal Constituents A glycosidic resin. Toxicology The LD50 of the ethanolic extract was >1000mg/kg i.p. in mice3. Pharmacology Alcoholic extracts of the fresh fruits of O.turpethum showed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus pyogenes var. aurus and E. coli1. The ethanolic, aqueous and ethereal extracts of O.turpethum roots showed anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenin induced rat paw edema as well as cotton pellet induced granuloma and formalin-induced arthritis in rats. The aqueous extract was found to be the most potent fraction against all the three models of experimental inflammation2. Indications The drug is used as a purgative. References 1.           Wealth of India, 1966, Raw materials, Vol. VII, 96-97. 2.           Khare, A.K., Srivastava, M.C., Tewari, J.P., Puri, J.N., Singh, S. and Ansari, N.A. 1982. A preliminary study of anti-inflammatory activity of Ipomoea turpethum (Nisoth). Ind. Drugs, 19, 224. 3.           Aswal, B.S., Bhakuni, D.S., Goel, A.K., Kar, K. and Mehrotra, B.N. 1984. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity.            4. Development-inhibiting activity of some tropical plants against     Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) M. A. Haque1, H. Nakakita, , H. Ikenaga and N. Sota National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Accepted 19 October 1999. Available online 6 April 2000.            Operculina turpethum silva is used medically in the Pilliphineislands.          Itsroot&rhizome areoffical in france&Spain, its root in Portugal.          Pernial with milky juice;root long slender,fleshy much branched;         stems very long,twinged andmuch twisted together angled&winged         pubescent,touch&broun when old.Leaves 5-10 by 1.3-7cm ovate/         obling,rarely slightly lobulate,subacute,mucronate, more/less          pubescent on both sidesespesially when young,minutely articulately          veined,base cordate/truncate petiole –s 2.5cm long,pubescent          cymes few flowered;penduncles stout, pubescent;slightly thickend ed upwards,outer sepalsupto 2.2cm long in flowermuch enlarged in  fruit,broadly ovate or suborbicu -lar,obtuse,mucronate,concave  pubescent,the 3inner sepals small –er scarcely 2cm long very  thinly membranous,glabrous,apiculate corallawhite,3.8-5cm long, subcampanulate,anters nearly 8mm long,narrowly oblang cordate  capsules13.8mm diameter globose encosed in theenlarged brittlevery inbricate sepalsglabrous or fainly pubesce.              DISTRIBUTION: Through out India sometimes cultivated caylon-Malayislands tropicalamerica,Mauritus,Phillppines,tropical Africa,astralia. The root is bitter,sweet withasharp taste,heting anthelminti- c,purgative,antipyretic,alexiteric,useful in ascites, leucoderma ,  itch,ulcers,constipation,abdominal troubles,inflammation,anaem– ia,fevers,biliousness,piles,erysipelas,tumours,jaundice,constupat ion,opthalmia,bites frominsects good in diseases of the liver,the hearts,eye causes`vata`-the black varity is a powerfull drastic useful  in loss of consciousness burning sensation,intoxication-the white  varityis a moderately mild cathartic,useful in bilious fevers,inflamm ations&diseases of the abdomen-the red varity is sweetish acrid; useful inkapha. The root is bitter,purgative,bechic,expectorant,useful in bilious  –ess,tremors of the body,diseases of the brain,paralysis,pains in the muscles,bronchitis,pains in the joints and in the chest remov -es bad humorus-the black varity should not be used. In WestanIndia,the flowers are applied to the hand in hemicrani  –as.The turpeth root,notably the white varity of it is quite eqal to jalap&superior to rhubarb in itsaction&preferable to both for being  avery efficient&satisfactory purgative when used alone.It does is  some what larger thanthat of jalap,but this is no disadvan –tage as long asit is safe&freefrom nauseous taste&smell. The dose is large only by 10/15grains as a cthartc&laxative. The best way of admistering it is in simple power,but it may also be  employed in combination with cream of tartar ineqal proporti -on&   with/wirhout a few grains of ginger in each drachm of the  compoundpower. The dose of the simple power is from 50-70grains of the compou –nd power froma drachm to 90grains. About two scruples of the root are rubbed into a pulp with water & taken with the addition of rocksalt&ginger or sugar& blackpapp er . In Ceylon the tuberous roots are used as a purgative&considered a good substitute for jalap. There are 2varities of the root-the black&white-the black is a power ful irritant&drastic&should be avoided.The white varity used used by Indian physicians is a moderate/mild cathartic1 have used it as a mild hydragogue in the hospital in acute constu -pation of fevers, cronic canstupation in asciteswith cirrhosis of liver purgativewas  considered necessary. The simple power in 40-60 grains may be administered to produce the desired effect. In its action it is as efficacious if not better than jalap. The root is prescribed in the treatment of snake bite (charaka , susruta, vrindamadhava, robots) and scorpion –sting  but it is not an antidote to either snake venom (mahaskar&cairs) or scorpion venom (caius& mahaskar). A preliminary chemical examination of the rhizome was carried out  by janakiram . Ipomoea means worm-like, referring to the peculiar, twisted nature  of the root system.  Jalap is a centuries-old purgative and vermifuge used by the  Mexicans, who then taught the Spanish colonizers how to use the  herb.

 It was introduced into Europe in 1565 and used for all types of       illnesses until the 19th century.

 Because it is considered a good remedy for kidney problems,                      the plant is also widely-known as riñona from the Spanish word for kidneys, riñones. The Spanish name of Michoacán was given because that was the place where it was first found in the "New World" by Spanish invaders. Also known as Jalapa, the plant was named for the city in the state of Vera Cruz.

In the 16th century book, Joyfulle Newes Out of the Newe Founde Worlde, the physician-author, tells of a friar who fell gravely ill shortly after the conquest of the Aztecs. The local Aztec lord, who had befriended the friar, brought his personal physician to see the friar who, thinking he had nothing left to lose, decided to try the Aztec doctor's remedy. The friar pu

rged so much that he started to get better, and the good news passed up the grapevine to counterparts in Spain. This "miracle cure" was soon embraced, and the root was renamed Rhubarb of the Indias, replacing the Rhubarb of Barbary as the favoured purging agent of the day. The root eventually became so popular that it was exported to Europe in great quantities and sold at such premium prices that fortunes were made in the purging business. The Pawnees burned the enormous, human-sized roots of the Bush Morning Glory as a smoke treatment for nervousness and bad dreams. They also pulverized the dried root and dusted it on the body to alleviate pain or to revive a person who had fainted. The Lakota scraped off a portion of the root and ate it raw for stomach trouble.

In the days before matches, Great Plains tribes would start a fire in a portion of the dried root and let it smolder for later use as a fire-starter.

The root was also used as an emergency food by the Pawnee, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Kiowa.US Pharmacopoeia from 1820 to 1864 as a cathartic.

Turpeth

·                     Description

·                     Constituents

·                     Medicinal Action and Uses

·                     Dosage

Synonyms:Turpeth root. Indian Jalap. Trivrit. Nisoth. Operculina Turpethum.
---Parts Used---Dried root, stem.
---Habitat---India. Ceylon, Pacific Islands, China, Australia.

---Description---There are two varieties of this convolvulaceous plant, the Sveta, or White Turpeth, preferred as a mild cathartic, and the black or Kirshna, a powerful drastic. The pieces of root are cylindrical, somewhat twisted, and dull grey outside. The drug has a faint odour, and the taste becomes nauseous after it has been in the mouth for some time, though less so than the true jalap. The genus Ipomoea are closely related to the Batatas.

1.rakta   (NARAHARI)

2.krisna   (BH.NI)

2.sweta   (RAJAVALLABHA)

2.syama    (KA.NI)

1.syama    2.aruna   (CH.KA)

            Família: Convolvulaceae.
Algumas Espécies do Gênero:
Operculina Silva Manso, 1836

Operculina aegyptia (L.) House, 1906
Operculina alata (Ham.) Urb., 1902
Operculina alata var. pubescens (Pilg.) O'Donell, 1981
Operculina alatipes (Hook. f.) House, 1906
Operculina altissima (Mart. ex Choisy) Meisn., 1869
Operculina ampliata (Choisy) House, 1906
Operculina angustiloba House, 1906
Operculina aurea (Kellogg) House, 1909
Operculina bufalina Hall. f.
Operculina codonantha (Benth.) Hallier f., 1893
Operculina convolvulus Silva Manso, 1836
Operculina discoidesperma (Donn. Sm.) House, 1909
Operculina dissecta (Jacq.) House, 1906
Operculina grandiflora (Jacq.) House, 1909
Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D.F. Austin & Staples, 1983
Operculina hamiltonii var. mucronata D.F. Austin & Staples, 1983
Operculina hirsuta Standl., 1924
Operculina kentrocaulos (C. B. Clarke) Hallier f.
Operculina lancifolia House, 1909
Operculina macrocarpa (Linn) Urb., 1902
Operculina opectinata House, 1909
Operculina ornithopoda (B.L. Rob.) House, 1907
Operculina ornithopoda var. megacarpa (Brandegee) Rob., 1916
Operculina palmeri (S. Watson) House, 1906
Operculina passifloroides (Benth. ex Meisn.) Ducke, 1932
Operculina pectinata House, 1909
Operculina pentaphylla (L.) House, 1906
Operculina petaloidea Ooststr.
Operculina petaloidea var. pauciflora (C.B. Clarke) Parmar, 1994
Operculina pinnatifida (Kunth) O'Donell, 1950
Operculina platyphylla (Fernald) House, 1906

Operculina populifolia Hallier f., 1892
Operculina populifolia Hallier f. ex Urb., 1912
Operculina pteripes (G. Don) O'Donell, 1950
Operculina pterodes (Choisy) Meisn., 1869
Operculina pterodes fo. pubescens Pilg., 1901
Operculina pteropus Meisn., 1869
Operculina rhodocalyx (A. Gray) House, 1906
Operculina roseana House, 1906
Operculina rubicunda House, 1906
Operculina sericantha (Miq.) Ooststr., 1932
Operculina surinamensis Meisn., 1869
Operculina triquetra (Vahl) Hallier f., 1894
Operculina triquetra (Vahl) J.F. Macbr., 1959
Operculina tuberosa (L.) Meisn., 1869
Operculina turpethum (L.) J. Silva Manso, 1836
Operculina turpethum var. heterophylla Hallier f.
Operculina turpethum var. turpethum
Operculina turpethum var. ventricosa (Bertero) Staples & D.F. Austin, 1981
Operculina violaceae (Aubl.) Barb. Rodr., 1887[1891]

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·         Classically there are two kinds of trivrt viz aruna&syama. Arunabhatrivrt is considered best&ideal laxative drug in comparison tosyama.In practice also two kinds of trivrt are available.eg:black&white.

·         White nishoth is barkless root&stems of murva or marsdenia tena-cissima which has no purgative activity.

1.guduchyadi varga (DH.NI)

2.guduchyadi varga (BH.PR)

3.pippilyadi varga (RA.NI)

4.syamadi gana (CH.DA)

6.syamadi gana(Susruta)

7.bhedaniya&syamadi gana(Dr.Nishteswar)

5.ardha Chandra

Rakta trivrt:

1.rakta trivrt

4.tamra puspica

8.kakanasica          (Ra.ni-167)

Syama trivrt:

1.masura vidala

3.kala meshi

8.tamra puspa

9.ardha Chandra

10.kosha phala

Syma trivrt:

2.masura vidhala

5.ardha Chandra

12.tamra puspica

14.marad vega

Aruna trivrt:

4.sarvanu bhuthi

7.kothara vahini

11.ckora nasica         (Sh.ni.150-152)

Sweta trivrt:

3.Masura vidhala

5.ardha Chandra

1.triputa-three angled.

1.trivrt(three angles)

2.sarvanu bhuti(all are taken)

3.sarala(contain soumya guna)

4.recani(causes recana)

5.tribhandhi(eliminate three dosas)

VERNECULAR NAMES

VERNECULAR NAMES:

1.kala nishodh

2.syama nisodh (Hindi)

3.syama tepuni (Bengali)

4.ala tegada (Telugu)    

2.saphedh nishodh    

2.pith hari(Hindi)

5.dhudh kalami(Marathi)

7.tella tegada(Tegada)

8.bile nagadanti

13.tigadike putigadha(Canarese)

15.false jalap

16.Indian jalap

17.Indian rhubard

18.turpeth root

20.turbith des officines

21.turbith vegetal(French)

39.turbud (Panjab)

40.ardha Chandra

47.laghu rocaci

70.turbit de la India(Spanish)

80.etta tegada

81.nalla tegada

83.tella tegada    (Telugu)

85.dudho roma    (Uriya)                                                                                                                         [In.me.me.1730]

RASA PANCHAKAM

RASA PANCAKAM:

                                       I.      RASA   :madhura

                                     II.      RASA     :tikta,katu

Vipaka     :katu      (RA.NI)

                                   III.      RASA      :katu

                                   IV.      RASA      :Katu,tikta,kasaya,madhura

VIPAKA :katu      (KA.NI)

                                     V.      RASA   :Tikta,katu

NIGHANTU         RASA         GUNA         VIRYA         VIPAKA

Bhava prakasha	Madhura	Ruksa	Ustna	---------
Raja nighantu	Tikta Katu	--------	Ustna	---------
Dhanvantari nighantu	Katu	--------	Ustna	---------
Sodala nighantu	-------	--------	---------	--------
Kayyadevara nighantu	Katu Tikta Madhura Kasaya	Tistna Tevra- virecana Ruksa	Ustna	Katu
Dr.Nisteswar	Tikta Katu	Laghu Ruksa Tistna	ustna	Katu
Dr,gyanendra pandey	Tikta Katu	---------	---------	--------

1.Krimi roga

2.kapha janya roga

3.udara vikara         (RA.NI)

5.udara roga

9.kanta utkarsana

3.sukha virecaka          [BH.PR]

1.sukha virecana

1.kapha pitta hara

1.sannipata jvara

2.urdhavaga rakta pitta

27.urinary disorders

4.intrinsic haemorrhage

                                 14.constupation

2.abdominal tumours

3.heart diseases

10.diseases of spleen

11.remittant fever

14.viscika poisoning(AH.UT)

21.greying of hairs   (SA.DH)

9.ulcers           (BH.PR)

Kundala roga

Vata gulmam

     10.Unmada

     11.Apasmara

     12.Santana

     13.Gnapakam

     15.Swaram

     16.Sarva udara

Antra vruddhi

Sandhi vata

Agni mandya

Mala bhandha

Kati graham

17.Prameha           (YO.RA.2)

5.kapha roga        (RA.NI)

1.mula vyadhi

4.agni mandya

5.astira vata

7.vata kappa janya sula

9.kumbha kamila

19.pettu mandhu

25.graha badha

26.khanja roga

27.manya stambha

28.hanu stambha

29.griva stambha

32.siro roga

36.kara stambha

37.yoni sula

                                   1.vibhandha

15.ati stoulya     (GY.PA)

6.arsas              (Dr.NISHTESWAR)

AMAYIKA PRAYOGA

·         A Recipesof trivrt to be taken along with sour liquid:

·         One aksa of the pinda(paste in a round bolus form)of either of the two varities of trivrt should be mixed with sour drinks&taken by a persion.

·         Similarly,the urine of cowsheep,goat/bbuffalo,venigar,tusodaka(a sour drink prepared of pulses)prasanna(a type of wine)/the decoction of triphala should be separately used to take this paste of trivrt.(CA.KA.7^TH/12-13)

·         Recipes of trivrt in power form:

·         Two parts of the powder of the root of trivrt should be mixed with the powder of one part of either of the 12 drugs viz 1.saindhava 2.sauvarcala 3.kala 4.vida 5.paleya 6.anupa 7.kupya 8.valukaja 9.maulaka 10.samudra 11.romaka 12.audbhida-these recipes should be taken along with the power of nagara.(14)

·         Recipes of trivrt to be taken along with the cow`s urine:

·         One part of the powder of the root of trivrt should beaded with half part of the powder of either 1.pippali 2.pippali mula 3.marica 4.gaja pippali 5.sarala 6.kilima 7.hingu 8.bhargi 9.tejovati 10.musta 11.himavati 12.pathya 13.citraka 14.rajani 15.vaca 16.svarna ksiri 17.ajamoda 18.srngaveri-each one of these should taken with cow`s urine for purgation(15-17)

·         Recipe of trirt added with madhuka:

·         One part of the powder of trivrt should be added with half part of the powder of the madhuka,this should be taken with sugar, water for purgation(17)

·         Recipes of trivrt prepared along with jivaka:

·         The powder of trivrt should be takenalong with the powder of either 1.jivaka2.rasabhaka 3.meda 4.sravani 5.karkata srngi 6.kakoli 7.ksira kakoli 8.indra 9.chinnaruha 10.ksira sukta/ ksiravidari 11.payasya/arkapuspi-similarly the powderof trivrtshould taken along with the powder of yastyahva.

·         The above mentioned recipes are are useful for diseases caused by kapha7vayu(19-20)

·         Recipes of trivrt to be taken along with milk:

·         Onepart of the powder of trivrt&half part of the powder of                                                   

haritaki may be taken along with either1.milk 2.meat soup

3.juiceof sugarcane 4.decoction of kasmarya5.grape juice 6.juice of pilu/ghee(29-21).

·         Recipe of trivrt in the form of linctus-1:

·         The powder of trivrt should be added with honey and ghee.In take of this linctus along with sitopala causes purgation(21)

·         Linctus-2:

·         With the decoction and paste of the black varity of trivrt root a linctus should be prepared according to the prescribed procedure by adding sugar,one panital(12g)of this linctus should be taken.(23-24)

·         Linctus-3:

·         The powder of ajagandha,tugaksira,vidari,sugar&trivrt should be added with honey aswell as ghee.In take of this linctuses is useful as a mild purgative for the patient suffering from sannipatika jvara,stambhana,daha&trsna(22-23)

·         Linctus-4:

·         Sugar should be boiled with honey in a new earthen pot after it is cooked&cooled the powder of trivrt along with tvak,patra& marica should be added.This linctus should be taken in appropriate does which is useful as purgative for persons belonging to aristocratic class(24-25).

·         Linctus-5:

·         One kudava of the juice of each of sugarcane,grape,pilu& parusa -ra,one pala ofsitopala and half kudava of honey should be cooked.After it is cooked,the powder of trivrt should be added by the physician well versed in scriptures.this is a good purgative for aristocratic persons having excessively aggravated pitta(26-27)

·         Recipes prepared withsugar:

·         Following the above mentioned procedure should be prepared in the form of sarkara-modaka(sweet meat prepared with sugar). Sarkara,varti(rools made of sugar)&sarkara,gulika&sarkara ,mamsa,pupaka(pan cake of sugarprepared with meat)Thes recipes are to be used as purgatives by people suffering from dideases caused by pitta.(28)

·         Linctus-6:

·         The powder of trivrt should be added with the powders of pippali, nagara,ksara&syama trivrt-to this honey should be added&it should be given in the form of linctus for purgation to patients suffering from diseases caused by kapha(29)

·         Linctus-7:

·         The juice of matulunga,abhya,dhatri,sriparni,kola&dadima should be well sazzied&cooked in oil by adding the pulp of sahakara kapitta&sour fruit when it becomes thick the powder of theroots along with the powders of tvak,patra,kesara&ela should be added.To this honey should be added and made to a linctus in appropriate dose is useful as purgative for aristocratic persons having aggravated kapha(30-32).

·         Recipes trivrt in the form of panaka(syrap):

·         Following the above mentioned procedure the recipes should be prepared in the form of 1.panaka2.rasa 3.yusa 4.modaka 5.roga sadava.These recipes are to be administered for purgation to a person having aggravated kapha(33)

·         Recipes of trivrt in the form of tarpana(demulcent drink):

·         A tarpana should be prepred from thepowder of one part of bhrnga,one part of ela two two parts of nili,3 parts trivrt and 7parts of sugar by adding the juice of dadima honey and roasted corn flour.This is an innocuous purgative for patients suffering from diseases caused by vayu,pitta&kapha for persons who have delicate constitution.(34-35)

·         Recipes of trivrt in the form of modaka:

·         A modaka should be preparedof sugar,haritaki,vibhitaki, amalaki,black variety of trivrt,pippali& honey.In take off this cures sannipata,urdhvaga-rakta-pitta&fever.

·         Recipe of trivrt in the form of linctus-8:

·         Three sanas of the powder of trivrt should be added with one sana of the powders each of haritaki pulp,vibhitaki pulp,amaliki –pulp,vidanga,pippli and ksara.This powder should be added with ghee and honey&made to a linctus a modaka with jagary.This is an excellent purgative and it does not require any diteric prohibit -ions.In takeof this cures gulma,plihodara,svasa,halimaka,aroca –

ka and such other diseases caused by the aggravation of kapha& vayu(37-39).

·         Kalyanaka guda(modaka-2):

·         One karsa each of vidanga,pippalimula,haritaki,vibhitaki,amalaki, dhanyaka,citrka,marica,indrayava,ajaji,pippali,hasti,gaja pippali, saindhavalavana,samudralavana,vid lavana,sauvarcala lavana, audbhlda lavana&ajamoda should be made to powders separate –ly and mixed together.To this powder 8 palas each of sesame oil&powder trivrt should be added.by adding 3 prastas of the juice of amalaki&half tulaof jaggry.The recipe should be cooked over mild fire from out of this paste,pills of the size of badara/udumba –ra should made out.While taking this recipe there is no restrction of food and regimen.In take of this cures mandagni,jvara, mrccha,mutra- krcchra,arocaka,asvapana.It is usefull in all seasons(40-45).

·         Recipe of trivrt in the form of modaka-3:

·         One part each of sunthi,pippali,marica,tvak,patra,musta,ela, vidanga,amalaki,and haritaki two parts of mukulaka 8 parts of trivrt&6 parts of sugar should be made to powder.To this honey should be added and large size pills/gudika measuring one pala each should be prepared.One such pills should be taken in the morning after rising form the bed.There after cold water should be taken,it is an excellent recipe for purgation and it should be administered by an expert.It is useful for all types of poisoning and all types of urinary diseases,while taking this recipes no dietetic restriction is necessary(46-50)

·         Modaka-4:

·         One pala of the powders of trivrt should be added with two prastas of the powder of pathya dhatri&urubuka.From out of this paste ten large size pills should be prepared.In take of this pills helps in the purgation of aristocratic persons(50-51).

·         Modaka-5:

·         One karsa of the powder each oftrivrt,haimavati,syama,nilini,               

Hasti,pippali,pippali mula,ajamoda&duralabha one pala of the powder of nagara and 20 palas of guda should be mixed together .From out of this paste modakas of the size of udumbara should be sprinkled with the powder of hingu,sauvarcala,sunthi,pippali,

marica,yavani,bida,jiraka,vaca,ajagandha,haritaki,vibhitaki,amal-aki,cavya,citraka,dhanyaka,tumburu,&dadima-These modakas are very useful for patitents suffering from pain in trica,vank -sana,hrt,basti,kosta,arsas,plihodara, hicca,kasa,aruc,svasa& kaphaja,udavarta(51-55).

·         Recipe of trivrt useful in rainy season:

·         The powder of trivrt,seeds of kutaja,pippali,visva bhesaja should be mixed with honey&grape juice.This purgative recipe is useful in rainy season(56).

·         Recipe of trivrt usefull in autumn:

·         The powder of trivrt,duralabha,musta,sugar,udicya, candana, yastimadhu,satala should be taken along with grape juice.It is usefull in autumn(57).

·         Recipe of trivrt for winter:

·         The paste of trivrt,citraka,patra,ajaji,sarala,vaca,svarna ksiri should be taken along with hotwater.This recipe is usefull for purgation in winter season(58)

·         Recipes of trivrt for summer season:

·         The recipe containing sugar&eqal quantity of trivrt is useful for purgation during the summer season(59)

·         For all seasons-1:

·         Trivrt,trasanti,hapusa,satala,katu rohini,svarna kshiri should be made to powder&impregnated with cow`s urine for 3days.This recipe for purgation is usefull in all the seasons.It helps in eliminating morbid matter from the body of pesions with unctuous ness(59-60)

·         For all seasons-2:

·         Trivrt,syama,duralabha,vastaka,hasti pippali,nilini,haritaki, vibhitaki,amalaki,musta&katuka should be made to a fine powder One panitala of this recipe should betaken along with ghee,meat soup&hot water.This is an excellent recipe for purgation&is usefull forpersions who are ununctuous(61-62)

·         Recipe of trivrt in the form of powder:

·         One karsa eachof sunthi,pippali,marica,haritaki,vibhitaki,amalaki and hingu one pala of trivrt,half karsa ofsauvrcala&half pala of amlavetasa should be made to powder.To this eqal quatity of

sugar should be given rice with meat soup to eat.It is an effective recipe for purgation to cure gulma&parsvarti(63-64)

·         Recipe of trivrt inthe form of tarpana:

·         Trivrt,haritaki,vibhitaki,amalaki,danti,saptala,sunthi,pippali.marica,saindhava should be made to powder&impregnated with the juiceof amalaki for 7 days.This powder should be added to tarpana,yusa,pista/meat&raga(65-66)

·         In the form of medicated ghee&milk:

·         Ghee should be boiled with eqal quantity of sour,juice&paste of trivrt.This medicated ghee cure gulma.

·         The root of syama&trivrt should be cooked with water by adding amalaki with this decoction,ghee should be cooked with the decoction of syama&trivrt ghee should be cooked.

·         Milk should be boiled withsyama&trivrtmay similarly be used as a comfortable purgative(66-68)

·         In the form of alcoholic drink:

·         Eight first fuls of trivrt should be cooked in one drone of water till ¼ of the liquid remains.The decoction should taken be strained out&added with one tula of jaggry,oney,pippali,madanaphala& citraka.This should be kept in a unctuous jar the inside wall of which is smeared with honey for one month.When well fermented – it should be taken in appropriate dose which cures grahani, pandu.The wine made out of the decoction of trivrt by adding it`s yeast may also be used for purgation(69-71)

·         In the form of kanji:

·         Barley should be steam boiled with the decoction of syama& trivra. This steam boiled barley should be added with water&made to ferment for 6 days in a vessel covered with aheap of grains.This sauviraka thus prepared should be used for purgation.

·         Afternatively the unhusked&clean grains of barley should be added along with water&made to ferment in the above mentioned manner.When fermented this tusodaka should be used for purgation(72-73)

·         In the form of badara:

·         With the help of the powder of trivrt 10 different recipes in the form of 1.badara sadava 2.raga 3.leha 4.modaka 5.utkarika

·         6.tarpana 7.panaka 8.mamsarasa 9.yusa 10.madya should be prepared&used for purgation(74)

·         Recapitulation:

·         Purgative recipes should be administrated along with tvak, kesara,amrataka,dadima,ela,sitopala,honey,matulunga,wine&sour drinks which are pleasing to the patient.

·         Prevent the tendency for vomting after the intake of purgative recipe,the face of the patient should be spinkled with cold water &he should be asked to inhale the smell of the earth,flowers, fruits,tender leaves,sour ingredients the aroma of which is pleasing to his heart(ch.ka.75-76)

·         Purgation therapy:

·         One karsa of the powder of trivrt well impregnated with the milky latex of sudha should be given to this patient by mixing with honey and ghee for proper purgation (ca.ch.5^th-153)

·         Treatment of pittodara:

·         Milk boiled with the paste of trivrt&caster seed.If udara roga is caused by pitta&vayu then for the purpose of purgation,tikaka rhrta and with trivrt should be administered(ca.ch.13^th/69)

·         Tryusanadi curna:

·         The patient of files should be given with powder of trivrt along with the juice/decoction of triphala(ca.ch.14^th/66)

·         Piles:

·         Leaves of trivrt,danti,palasa,cangeri&citrka should be fired with ghee&oil.This should be given along with curd.(ca.ch.14^th/22)

·         Visarpa:

·         The powder of trivrtshould be boiled by adding ghee/milk and administered along with warmwater/the juiceof mrdvika for purgation.This is a reputed recipe for the cure of visarpa.

·         The decoction of triphala should be added with gee&trivrt and given for purgation to the patient of visarpa associated with fever.(ca.ch.21th/64-65)

·         Decoctions for vishama jwara :

·         Decoction prepared with triphala,trayamana,mrdvika&katu rohini taken along with trivrt&sarkara cures jvara caused by the aggravation of pitta and slesma(ca.ch.3th/209)

·         Jvara:

·         A linctus prepared of trivrt mixed with ghee&honey.

·         Trivrt and trayamana along with milk.(ca.ch.3/231-232)

·          Purgation therapy:

·         The paste of trivrt/abhya mixed with the decoction/triphala/honey

·         The patient suffering from kamala may also take trivrt along with the decoction of triphala(ca.ch.16^th/60)

The big root of trivrt free from defects&impregnated with juice of purgative drugs should be powdered&mixed with rocksalt & sunthi.This should be taken with sours by one suffering from vata disorders.

Pitta disorders(SU.SU.44)

Root of trivrt should be taken with products of sugarcane&sweet juices along with milk in disorders of pitta.

Kapha disorders(SU.SU.44)

 That should be taken withdecoction of guduci,nimba&triphala urine in disorders of kapha.

·         One should be taken trvrt root mixedwith trijataka&trikatu along with old jaggary.

·         In 640ml decoction of trivrt root paste of the root 160mg along with rock salt&sunthi each 10gm should be mixed&cooked till it becomes paste                                                                                                                                                                                               

·         The paste of trivrt root mixed with 1/2qantity&sunthi&added with rocksalt should be taken with cow`s urine.                                           

·         The formulations are used in vata&kapha:

Trivrt,sunthu&haritaki in eqal parts fully ripe fruits of puga , vidanga seeds,marica&devadaru each in half part mixed with saindhava&cow`s urine.

·         hAfter vertically bifurcating sugarcane the paste of trivrt is applied on the inner surface&thenjoining the two parts isbound with rope.Then it is cooked with the method of putapaka&taken when cooked,it is useful indisorders of pitta

·         Fever:

·         Sarkara ,ajagandha,vamsalochana,vidari,trivrt-all in eqal parts-should be taken with honey&ghee to alleviate thirst burning sensation&fever.

PARGATIVES:

powder of trivrt mixed with sugar and honey added with twak, patra,& marica in ¼ part is purgative.

·         Linctus shoukd be prepared by coocking athe powder of trivrt Along with sugar 40gms and honey 160gms then coocked , it is taken It is pitta alleviating purgative.

One should taken trivrt,syama,yavaksara,sunthi&pippali mixed with honey.This is excellent purgative for all disorders of kapha.

·         Decoction of fully ripe haritaki,kasmarya,amalaki,dadima,kolais friedwith castor oil added with sour fruit&coocked.When thickened it is added with trijata,trivrt&honey.This linctusmaybe used purgative bydelicate persion with predominance of kapha.

·         Nili,tvak,ela-each one part trivrt 3parts mixed with sugarcandy-this power taken with honey&sour fruitjuice is satiatingand alleviatives sannipata.

·         Trivrt,syama&honey-all in eqal parts are made into boluses.these alleviate sannipataja upward intrinsic haemorrhage and fever.

·         Trivrt 3parts,triphala eqal there to yavakasara,pippli&vidanga-all are powdered&takenwith honey&gheeaslinctus;or pills may be prepared with jaggry&taken.It alleviates gulma caused bykapha& vata splenomegaly,halimicka&other such disorders.Thisis a purgativefree eromcompications.

·         Samatrivrt,nili,katuka,musta,dwalabha,cavya,indrayava&triphala-this powder should be takenwithghee,meatjuice&coater.This pergativeis useful also for the roughenedpersions.

·         Roots of trivrt,the first group(vidarigandadi)mahatoancamula, murvasarngasta&also of snuhi,haimavati,triphala,ativisa7vata-these are taken&divededinto two parts out of witchone is decoted out of witch one is decoted and the other is powered;now crushed barley grains are impregnated with the

Above power are put in a jar&mixed with their colddecoction& fermented properly. This is knownas sauviraka.

·         Twenty haritaki fruits danti&citraka each 40gms pippali&trivrt each 10gms-all togher shouldbe mixed with jaggary 320gms and made into ten boluses to be taken one on every tenthy day.During the period the patient should use hot water withnoother restrictins.These dosas&alleviate grahani, pandu ----      roga,piles&kustha.

·         Trivrdastaka:

Trikatu,trijataka,musta,vidanga&amalaka-these 9 drugsin eqal parts,trivrt 8 times&danti 2parts-they all shouls be powered finely&mixed together.This should be mixd further with sugar 6parts&small qantityofrocksalt&honey&made into a lamp.It shouldbe taken with cold water.This purgative formulation known as trivrdastakais commeneable for those suffering from pitta&needsno restrictions.It counter acts alltypes of poison& alleviates pain in urinary bladder,thirst,fevfr,vomting, consum -ption,panduroga&giddiness.It should be takenwith milk in case of disorders of pitta&kapha.

·         Formulations of fruits:

Haritaki,vidanga,saindava,sunthi,trivrt&marica-all this taken with cow`surineis purgative.                                                                         

·         Saptala,sankini,danti,trivrt&aragvada-these should be impregna –ted withcow`surinefor a week &thenwith sunthilatex.Garment spinkled with the same power byinhaling/wearing induces purge –tion in thosewith soft bowels.

·         Trivrt3sana(7.5g),triphala pulp 3sana, vidanga,pippali7yavaksara 3sana-these should be powered &taken with ghee&honey or in

·         the form of bolus preparied with jagarry.This is excellent

·         purgative with out any restriction.            (SU.SU.44th)

·         Ajita bite(SU.KA.7^TH/21)

By the bite of ajita body becomes blacks along with vomting, fainting&cardiac pain.In this case trivrt pounded withlatex of snuhi&manjista should be licked with honey.

               For those suffering from kamala trivrt with sugar,indrvaruni                                                            Jaggary and sunthi with jaggary are benfitial.

After considering the strength/otherwiseof dosas ete,the patitent should take 1.trivrt with sunthi or haritaki with jaggary3 gugglu, trivrt,danti,dravanti,saindhava7vaca with urine,milk,grapejuice.

Dantiharitakadi avaleha:(A.H.CHIKISTA 14^th)

25pala each of danti,citraka&pathya are boild in one drone of water&decoction reduced to aquater&filtered.Tothis are added guda eqal in gvantity to that of danthi,4 pala each of taila and powder of trivrt.two karsa each of kana&sunthi and cooked to form a leha.After it cools honey eqal in quantity of taila &one caturthika(pala)of powder of caturjata are added.one haritaki along with one pala in quantity of this confection.If consumed the persion who has undergone oleation terapy,purges out easily one prstha(13ana half pala in the content of virecana therapy) with out any discomfort.Thus dantiharitaki leha cures abdominal tumor,heart disease,haemorrhoids,dropsy,distention of abdomen, homiudal poisoning,enlargement of the abdomen,leprosy,mausea, anorexia,disease of spleen and duodenum,remittent fever, anaemia&jaundice(92-97)

·         Trivrt consumed with decoction or srestha(triphala)/pathya with takra/pathya fried in ghee along with pippali and mixed&guda/ pathya mixed with trivrt&danti consumed acts as an anulomana, when the dosas localized in the rectum are mitigated,the rectal sprouts also get subsided(8-58)

·         Sannipataja udara chikista: After the dosas have been eliminated out the person should bothe in cold water and the drink milk/peya eat the leaves of trivrt,manduki,vastuka,kalasaka,processed in their own freshjuices,with out adding sours,salts&fats either steem cooked/not steemed&with out partaking any other solid food for aperson of one month,if thirsty he should drink the fresh juice only.(15-82)

·         Sukra chikista(A.H UTTARA 11^th)

     In ksata sukra,the patitent must comsume medicated ghee boiled 3times in the decoction of trivrt,then blood should be taken out from the eyes either by cuttingthe veins/by applying leeches, goat`s milk boiled withutpala,kakoli,draksa,yasti,&vidari mixed with sugar or the decoction of these drugsshould be poured into the eye after the redness flow of tears and pain subside collyrium witch has lekhana property shouldbe applied(30-32a)

·         Vriscika visa cikista(A.H UTTARA 37^th)

Eqal quantities of tanduliyaka&trivrt should be consumed mixed with ghee such a person does not get taken by the poison of insects just as the mountain kailasa by wind(25-26)

·         Trivrt powder mixed with double sugar should be taken in the Dose of 20gm in the paittka type.                                               

·         Trivrt ,taila ,nagadanti&manjista mixed with ghee ,rocksalt &honey .This acts as cleansing agent (ch.da.46^th/5)

·         Purgation should be induced by trivrt ,danti &triphala(ch.da.50^th/4)

·         Trivrt ,haritaki &syama are impregnated with the latex of snuhi &made in to piles.thus taken with cow`s urine break anaha (ch.da.29^th/4)

·         Triphala decoction mixed with ghee &trivrt should be administer -ed for purgation to alleviate visarpa & jvara (ch.da.53th/3)

·         Nadi vrana chikista :

·          Syama tribhandi,triphala ,haritaki ,tilvaka –all these are used and medicated ghee prepared .This is ideal for healing sinus ulcer though it is located in the abdomen (bh.pr.49th/12)

·          Naraca curna :

·         Khanda(sugar candy)one pala trivrt –one aksa and krsna one

karsa all made in to nice model consumed in the dose of bidala padalca with honey just before meals with reduces constipation. 

Trivrt,tejavati ,danti ,swadamsta, citraka,sathi,gavaksi,musta,visvahva,vidanga,&haritaki-each one pala(40g) aruskara&vrddhadaru,each 8 pala(320) &surana kanda 16pala(640g)are all boild together in two drone(20.4g)of water,decoction reduced to one ¼ qvantity and filtered;next guda 3 times the quantity of decoction is also added,mixed well and cooked again till the mass begans to adhere to the ladle.Then it is taken out of the over&a mixer of fine powder of to 2 pala each of trivrt,tejavati,kanda(ssurana)7citraka,each of ela,tvak, marica&nagakesara 32pala-all together is also added and presved.It is consumed in sutabule dose daily;after its digestion the persion should take meals along with milk&meat soup.It cures all varities of piles&all kinds of abdominal enlargements,tumers of abdomen,diabetis, anaemia,halimaka,loss of control of thighs,nasal cataract, rhinitis,by its use persions can live for 100years freeof diseases.free of wrinkles of the skin,gray hairs and with many children.This sribahusala guda is a best rejuvenator.

·         Treatment of udavrtta

·         Syamadi gana:Syama danti,drvanthi,vrddadaru,snuhi,saptala, sankhini,sveta,aragvada,tilvaka,kampillaka,karanja&swrnaksiri-this group is know as symadi gana.It should be used in any of the forma of ghee,oil,power,decoction&paste in udavartta, anaha,poisoning&gulma.(4-5)

·         Trivrdadi gana:Trivrt,pippali&haritaki2.3&5 parts jaggary eqal to the above total-these are made into pills which remove the disorders caused by suppression of faeces(6)

·         Naraka curna:Sugar&trivrt each 40g pippali10g-this power should be taken in the dose of 10g with honey before meals in the condit –ion of hardness of faeces(agrevation of pitta&kapha).This naraka curna is quite palatable and fit to be used by kings(9-10)

·         Nadivrana chikista:

Syama,tribhandi,triphala,haritaki,tilvaka-all these are used&medicated ghee prepared.This is ideal for healing the sinus ulcer though it is located in the abdomen                     (BH.PR.49^th/12)

Trivrt,kutaja,pippali,visvabheshaja with juice of mrdwika&honey form a good purgative recipe in vars rutu.

·         Trivrt,duralabha,musta,udicya,candana-taken with sugar or cold infusionof draksa,yasti is good in trivrt,citraka,patha,ajali,sarala, vaca&hemaksiri with warm water is sutable in hemantha rut.

·         Pippali,nagara,saindhava&syama with honey is best in sisira& vasantha rtus.

·         Trivrt equal quantity of sugar is ideal in grismarutu                                       

·         Trivrt,hapusa,danti,saptala,katu rohini,swarnaksiri are powdered&kept immersed in cow`s urine for 3 days.

·         This recipe is sutible for all seasons&removes thedosas(25)

·         ASABHAYADI MODAKA:

·         This pills known asabhayadi modaka cures by long use diseases as vishama jvra,mandakini,kusta,gulmagalagandha,bhrama,udara,vidaha,pli –ha,meha,yaksma,vatarogas-This is a good rasayana when used for long periodwards off graying of hairs(26-33)

·         Abhaya,marica,sunthi,vidanga,amalaki,pippli,pippalimula,tvak,patra&musta-each eqal part&danti double the total quantity of the above trivrt 8times,sugar 6 times are to bemade intopills of one karsa each with honey.

·         One pill tobe taken in the morning followed by cold water gives purgations till the persion useshotwater.no restrictions need be followed in food/other activities.the pills are known as abhaya mdaka.           (SA.DH)                                                           

PRAYOJYA ANGA

 5.Dose, five to twenty grains (0.32-1.3 Gm.).

Use full part:

1.mula tvak (Dr.Nishteswar)

2.root bark   (Dr.GY.PA)

VISISTA YOGAS

1.Trivrt kolambhu

2.bhrhath madhusnuhi rasayana

3.ardhakadhi ghruta

4.kishora guggulam

5.amruta gugglu

6.virecana gutica

7.valayaangnadhi kasaya

10.svasari taila

11.ardhaka ghrta

12.mahadhara kasaya

13.kamila hara kasaya

14.kusta hara kasaya

15.virecana kasaya

16.dharvi bhiladhi ghrta

17.dhanvantari ghrta

18.Maha panca gavya ghrta

19.sarvamayantaka grta

20.triphaladhi ghrta/bindhu ghrta

21. virecanaghrta

22.brahmi ghrta

23.naraca churna

24.danthi trivrtadhi churna

25.trilavana pasu gandhadi churna

26.ayorajo nagaradhi churna

27.avipatti churna

28.sarasvata churna

29.vidangadhi ksara

33.manibhadra guda

34.bahusala guda

35.dasamuladi lehya                       (SA.YO)

1.narada ghrta

2.brahmi ghrta

3.dvi pancamuladhi ghrta

4.bhindhu ghrta

5.maha bhindu ghrta

6.citrakadi taila

7.maricadi taila

8.vidangadhi taila

9.hapushadi churna

10.bruhadagni churna

11.vyoshadhi churna

12.saindhavadhi churna

13.narayanadhi churna

14.tryushanadhi churna

15.kankayana gutica

16.abhaya vati

17.kalyana vatakam

18.vidanga saradhi gutica

19.mani bhadra vatakam

20.ksara gutica

21.langali gutica

22.trijata gutica

23.trivrtadi gutica

24.kampillkadhi gutica

25.triphaladhi modaka

26.saptaladhi modaka

27.viryanaka guda

28.abhayadhi modaka

29.punarnvadhi mandhuram

30.triphaladhi guggulu&gutica

31.padyava lehyam

32.pancagerakaya lehyam

33.sri bahusala gudava lehyam

34.danthi haritakyava lehyam

35.madhu paka vidhi

36.patola mulava lehya

41.lasuna ghrta

42.bhrhath panca muladhi ghrta

43.chetasa ghrta

44.brhatyahara taila

45.taraksadhi taila

46.mahanila taila

47.panca sama churna

48.ayaraja churna

49.surya Chandra prabha gutica

50.citrakadi gutica

51.guggulu gutica

52.trivrtadhi gutica                   (GH.NI)

1.dva trisadhanga kasaya

2.trilokyatapa hara rasa

3.bahusala guda

4.amruta haritaki vati

5.khadiradhi kwadha

6.surya prabha gutica

7.chitasa ghrta

8.hingvadhi churna

9.trayo dasanga guggulu

10.sadhasiti gugulu

11.maalakshmi narayana taila

12.vatarakte kisora guggulu

13.bruhadmari chadyam taila

14.panca sama churna            (YO.RA.1

1.tumburvadswayadhi ghati rasa

2.naraca churna

4.haritakyadhi churna

5.misraka sneha

6.kankaya gutica

7.hingvadhi ghrtam

8.trivrtadhi curna kwadhi

9.pasanabhedadhi kasaya

10.candra prabhavati

11.triphaladya taila

12.vidangadhi churna

13.sophahara ksira

14.swayadhu ghati rasa

15.medho gandhe syamadhilapa

17.bhagandhara kustadhi lepa

18.bhagandhara tiladhi lepa

19.bhagandhra visyandhanam taila

20.triphala modaka

22.mahakhadhira ghrta

23.laghu maricyadhyam taila

25.bhaladhi ghrta

26.soubhagya sunthi anya

27.amruta bhallata vati                (YO.RA.2)

SWAROOPA VARNANA

·         Extensive climber,stem sulcate/angular,glabrous or sparsely-pilose

·         Leaves variable in shape,orbicular to lanceolate,pubescent beneath;basically cordate/hastate,dentate to shallowly lobed or margins.

·         Flowers 1 or few together,outer sepals,pubescent,inner glabrous corolla,white companulateto broadly funnel shaped up to 4.5 cm long.Capsule globose enclosed in enlarged bristly sepals,seeds black, glabrous.

·         Flowering&fruiting time:

·         Plant flowers&fruits in November,February/march

·         december.

·         Distribution:

·         Plant occurs in tropical asia&Australia.It is occasionally growing wild up on hedges or bushes.Plants is found through out India up to an attitude of 900mt.Occasionally grown also as ornament in gardens.

·         Kinds&varities:

·         Classically there are two kinds of trivrt viz aruna&syama. Arunabha trivrt is considered best&ideal laxative drug in comparison to syama.In practice also two kinds of trivrt are available.

·         White nishoth is barkless root&stems of murva or marsdenia tenacissima which has no purgative activity.

MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE:

The epidermis consists of tabular brown cells,the parenchyma

is in it are thickly scattered very large resin cells&numerous rosette like raphides-the many large vascular bundles are composed of  large dotted vessels surrouned by wood fibres

            each of theprminent extenal ridges of the bark contains one of

           .Thecentral cane like woodycolumn of the rootor stem when       

             present is seen to be divided into 4 parts b..fourbundles of

             parenchyma(medullary rays).It consist of large dotted vessels

             connected together by narrow portionsof woody fibres.

Theblack nishot has exactly the same structure as the white.

                                                                 (PH.GR.IN)

Rosette& prismatic crustaof ca oxalate are present in stems&roots

simple&compound starch grains elliptical to spherical in shape with

a central cleft(5-26-44 microns diameter) are present in the alcohol

Physical constant values:

The stemof the allthentic operculina turpethum R.Br.was found to be

Identical with the black nisoth of the market.

Ash&resin content values of o.turpethum

                                            Percentage                   

        Acid insoluble ash:     0.7-1.1

         Resin content       :     9-10.5

Powdered root of the O.turpethum when exposed to U.V ligt have 

bluish yellow fluorescence,saponification,numberof the resin is

185-198                                                    (PH.O.I.D)

In ayurvedic treaties 3 kinds of trivrt are mentioned i.e tricolpako

-nna,karutta trikolpak onna(black varity)& Curanna trikolpakonna

In abhidhanamanjarithe 3^rd kind of trivrt is translated as Nalkolpa

-konna.                                    (I.M.P.B.O.L)

O.turpethumsilva is used medicallyin the Pillipine Islands. 

                   Its root&rhizome are office in france&spain,its root&stem in

Pernial with milky juice;root long slender fleshy much

 branched;stemsvery long,twining and much twisted together

angled&winged,pubescent touch&brownwhen old leaves 5010

by 1.3-7cm ovate/oblang,rarely slightly libulate,subacute,mucronate,more/less pubecent on both sides especially when long,minutely reticulately veined Base cordate

Flowered;penduncle stout,2.5-5 cm long;bracts large,lanceolate,

Pubescent reching 2.5 cm long caduceus,often pinkish,pedicles

0.6-2.5 cm long,stout,pubescent;slightly thickened upwards.

Outer sepals upto 2.2 cm long in flower,much enlarged in fruit,

Broadly ovate or suborbicular,obtuse mucronate,concave,pubscent,

 the 3 inner sepals smaller scarcely 2 cm long very thinly membrane

ous,glabrous,apiculate corolla white 3.8-5 cm long,subcampanulate,

           Native: (links to other web resources are provided for some

AFRICA
East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania
South Tropical Africa: Mozambique; Zimbabwe
Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar; Mauritius; Reunion